The study was conducted to evaluate the impact of firm size on earnings management for the textile sector of Pakistan. For this purpose annual ten years data was obtained from 2004 to 2013 for fifty selected firms from the textile sector of Pakistan. Natural logarithm of total assets was used as the proxy of firm size. On the other hand earning management was the dependent variable of this study. Earnings management was measured through discretionary accruals by using modified Jones model. Descriptive statistics, correlation and panel data analysis was used for capturing the impact of firm size on earnings management. The statistical results of this study revealed that there is positive and significant impact of firm size on earnings management.

Rapidly changing dynamics of globalization and increasing market competition are 11 causing the companies all around the world confronting several new challenges and opportunities.12 To be competitive and successful apart from relative importance of physical resources, companies 13 must adapt modern strategies and policies regarding market flexibility and development. The 14 purpose of this study is to empirically investigate the relationship between intellectual capital and 15 firm value. Furthermore, the moderating role of managerial ownership has been evaluated with the 16 help of regression analysis. The sample included the panel data taken from non-financial firms listed 17 on Pakistan stock exchange (PSX) covering the period 2010-2015. A sample of 79 firms out of 384 18 firms have been selected with the help of systematic sampling technique. VAIC (Value Added 19 Intellectual Coefficient) model has been used for the calculation of intellectual capital. Tobin's Q has 20 been taken as a measure of firm value. Managerial ownership has been tested as moderator. Based 21 on data analysis, it is concluded that the relationship between intellectual capital and firm value is 22 positively significant. It is also concluded that managerial ownership moderates the relationship 23 between intellectual capital and firm value negatively.24

Purpose This study aims to analyze the impact of different governance characteristics on the ratings of both Islamic and conventional mutual funds. Design/methodology/approach This study used panel data ordered probit regression model. Furthermore, to capture the mutual funds rating persistence effect and address the issue of endogeneity dynamic panel model is used and the results are estimated using the generalized method of the moment (GMM) technique. Findings The results indicated that amongst the corporate governance characteristics, board size, the board independence, directors and institutional ownership, and overall governance quality positively affect the ratings of both Islamic and conventional funds. However, chief executive officer (CEO) duality and board gender diversity did not show a significant impact on the ratings of these funds. Practical implications The current research provides input to the asset management firms as to how they can increase the fund ratings by implementing strong governance practises. Furthermore, the study also provides input to the rating agencies to account for governance characteristics along with financial indicators, when issuing the rating of any fund. Originality/value To the best of the author’s knowledge, this study is the first attempt to analyze the impact of corporate governance characteristics on the rating of both Islamic and conventional mutual funds and hence provides a significant contribution to the literature.

Digital technologies have changed our lives. This digital move is not limited to a particular area or a sector. It has also changed the way of doing business, but the opportunities associated with this digitalization are not yet appropriately identified. Appropriate action to respond to new avenues can substantially change business performance. This research presents a framework that suggests that the development of digital organizational culture and innovation in business models support digital technology value development and digitization, ultimately improving business performance. The collected data from banks working in Pakistan were analyzed with smart PLS. The results revealed that business model innovation, business digitization, and top management mindfulness boost the banks' performance. In contrast, digital organizational culture and digital technologies value development have no association with bank performance. Further, top management mindfulness has no moderating effect on studied relationships. By adopting innovation and necessary developments, banks can improve their performance significantly.

Research and development is an emerging competitive advantage to gain maximum market share. This study is conducted to empirically investigate the relationship between research and development intensity and firm performance in selected non-financial firms listed at Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX). Moreover, the role of ownership structure and board structure have been evaluated between predictor and outcome variable. For this purpose, 27 non-financial firms listed on PSX have been selected for the period of eight years from 2009 to 2016 and unbalanced panel data was obtained. Research and development intensity has been used as an independent variable. ROA, ROE, and TQ are used as measures of financial performance, i.e., dependent variable. Ownership concentration, institutional ownership, and managerial ownership are used as the proxies for ownership structure. Board size, board independence, and board meeting frequency are used as the proxies for board structure. Moreover, firm size, firm age and leverage have also been used as a control variables in data analysis. Based on data analyses, it is concluded that research and development intensity has a positive and significant relationship with all three proxies of firm performance, i.e., ROA, ROE and Tobin’s Q. Afterward, the researchers have investigated the moderating role of ownership structure and board structure between research and development intensity and three proxies of firm performance. It is also concluded that in general ownership structure as well as board structure are negatively moderating the relationship between research and development intensity and firm performance which raises a question mark on the effectiveness of corporate governance mechanism in terms of R&D performance.