Durian (durio zibertinus) is a native tropical fruit from Southeast Asia, especially Indonesia. Durian peel is the highest composition of durian fruit (60-75%), and is still considered as waste that causes environmental problems. This study aimed to analyze the content of secondary metabolites extract, to analyze the anti-bacterial activity of durian peel extract against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, and to calculate the effectiveness of durian skin durian peel extract as a natural anti-bacterial ingredient in hand sanitizer products by using the paper disc method. Durian peel was extracted with ethanol to obtain extract solution which was then separated from the solvent and applied as an ingredient for hand sanitizer. The Analysis results showed that durian peel extract contains triterpenoids, alkaloids, and saponins, which are phytochemical compounds that anti-bacterial function. Durian peel extract at concentration of 1% wt. inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli, Salmonella thyposa and Sthapylococcus aureus with a clear zone diameters of 7.4 mm, 8.2 mm and 8.6 mm, respectively. In anti-septic tests, hand sanitizer samples containing durian peel extract showed that the interaction between the concentration of durian peel extract and the sampling duration simultaneously gave a significant effect in reducing the number of microorganism colonies.

Rice bran is the source of rice bran oil, but much of it is used as livestock feed without being extracted for oil. Some food industries utilize the stabilized rice bran as a source of fiber, protein, and cooking oil. It contains lipase that catalyzes triglyceride hydrolyzation into glycerol and fatty acids, which leads to rancidity. A stabilization process must therefore be introduced to increase oxidation resistance in rice bran and oil hydrolysis. Defatted rice bran still contains protein, fiber, vitamins, and minerals. There has not been much research on integrated production process of crude rice bran oil and defatted rice bran. This research aimed to study the procedures to optimize, model, and simulate, generate Process Engineering Flow Diagram (PEFD). The phases in this study included laboratory-scale extraction with rice bran feed capacities of 10g, 25g, 100g, dan 500g; optimization using mathematical computations, simulations of mass-balance scale up and generation of PEFD from the pilot plant of 5kg rice bran capacity. The results of this research, including optimization, modelling, and simulation showed that to increase production scale from a number of raw materials of 57.690g to 5kg in a single batch required 5kg rice bran and 23.121kg n-hexane and produced 0.671kg oil and 4.121kg defatted rice bran, 13.212kg of reusable n-hexane and this study also provided a PEFD of the rice bran oil production process for a 5 kg rice bran capacity.