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PurposeThis paper aims to acquire underlying knowledge of how IT is adopted in private sector organisations and further explore what factors impact its adoption (optimistically and pessimistically).Design/methodology/approachAn interpretive and qualitative multiple case study approach was selected to test and validate the conceptual model empirically. The selection of the interpretivism viewpoint in the context of this research is to understand how government organisations adopt new technologies and support their decisions and actions. The interpretive research methodology is related to data gathering and generating solid descriptions and interpretations and further allows theory building. Through a multiple case study strategy, factors influencing EAI adoption in the government sector are investigated. In doing so, various data collection methods such as interviews, documentation, and observation are adopted.FindingsThe author identified 42 critical success factors (CSF) for IT innovation adoption. These factors provide sufficient understanding of their importance when adopting an innovation (technology). The author exploits these factors further when developing a conceptual EAI adoption model and also presents a taxonomy of the IT innovation adoption process. This taxonomy is an eight‐stage adoption process based on studying 11 IT adoption models. Simply acquiring or adopting a technology is not sufficient – in order to obtain the anticipated benefits, IT must be deployed and used appropriately by the organisation and its intended users. However, this taxonomy would further assist in identifying factors affecting IT innovation adoption at each stage of the adoption process.Originality/valueThe proposed conceptual IT innovation adoption model is a contribution to theory. This model presents a detailed list of factors that impact IT adoption in government sector organisations. The author conjectures that each factor within this model signifies its importance and must be considered by organisations while adopting innovation (technology). The taxonomy of the IT innovation adoption process is another contribution. This taxonomy is developed by studying 11 IT adoption models as presented in this paper. This taxonomy identifies the pre‐adoption and post‐adoption stages of an adoption process. Further in this taxonomy, the author identifies stages where the organisation is impacted, i.e. the pre‐adoption stage and post‐adoption, where individual adopters are impacted.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify critical factors that enable citizens to adopt e‐Government services in a society which is at a rudimentary stage of e‐Government adoption. To achieve the objective of the research study, an integrated conceptual model has been proposed and validated which is based on sound theoretical conditions, keeping in view the local context of Pakistani society.Design/methodology/approachAn integrated conceptual model is proposed highlighting a comprehensive set of potential factors influencing the adoption of e‐Government services. The conceptual model was developed using related literature review and also by conducting expert reviews with government officials, academic researchers and software engineers in Pakistan.FindingsFrom expert reviews, the results indicate that awareness, trust in the internet and trust in the government are the significant variables specific to the context of Pakistani society. The results of this study prove that awareness is a significant variable having influence on the citizens' intention to use e‐Government services, either to get information or to perform a transaction using the government web site. Information quality is found to be a significant variable when getting information from the government website. Perceived ease of use, service quality and transaction security are significant variables which influence the citizens' intention to perform transactions with the government.Research limitations/implicationsAn integrated conceptual model is a robust way to explore the key factors that have great influence on e‐Government adoption. The target respondents for this study are internet users. In future, the research work will be extended by including technology divide citizens called offline respondents, i.e. less frequent internet users. The results of online and offline respondents are compared so that the perception of technology divide citizens may also be included to identify the factors influencing the adoption of e‐Government services.Practical implicationsThe key findings are useful for policy makers and decision makers, for a real understanding of the needs of the citizens. The proposed model can be used as a guideline for e‐Government strategy formulation and implementation for the Government of Pakistan.Originality/valueTo address the originality, an integrated conceptual model is proposed to overcome the shortcomings of the previous models by adding factors and their respective variables to make the model more comprehensive. Later, the proposed conceptual model is customized and also validated according to the local context of Pakistani society.

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