Aim:The aim of this study is to evaluate the maximum bite force (MBF) with different denture base materials in completely edentulous patients.Materials and Methods:MBF was evaluated in randomly selected 100 completely edentulous patients. Patients were selected from the Outpatient Clinic, College of Dentistry, Aljouf University, Saudi Arabia. The patients were randomly divided into two equal groups: Group I (control group): Patient received a conventional heat-cured acrylic complete denture (Vertex™ Regular, Vertex-Dental B.V., The Netherlands) and Group II (experimental group): Patient received a thermoplastic complete denture (Vertex™ ThermoSens, Vertex-Dental B.V., The Netherlands). MBF measurements were taken at the time of new denture placement and after 6 months of denture use. Statistics were analyzed using independent t-test to compare the MBF measurements between both groups.Results:At the time of denture placement, there was no significant difference in bite force measurements between both groups. Bite force is increasing considerably after 6 months of denture use, and it was higher than MBF recorded at the time of new prosthesis placement in the same group. The MBF values were considerably higher in patients with a thermoplastic denture than patients with conventional acrylic denture with statistically significant difference after 6 months of denture use.Conclusion:After 6 months of denture use, patients with a thermoplastic denture have a higher biting force than patients with a conventional acrylic denture. Therefore, it could be considered a treatment plan option according to the ridge nature and quality to solve the problem of diminished bite force in old age patients.

Arecanutchewing is an established risk factor for oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF), but its role in periodontal disease has not yet been defined. Thisstudy aimed to assess the effect of areca nut extracts (ANE) on the bactericidal activity of crevicular polymorphonuclear neutrophils (cPMNs) in healthy subjects and chronic periodontitis (CP) patients. An in vitro study was designed with an equal number of (n = 30) gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples collected from CP patients and healthy subjects. Bactericidal activity and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) assays were performed with the GCF samples pre-treated with extracts of two varieties of areca nut: ripe and tender. Simultaneously, controls were also carried out with Hank’s balanced salt solution (HBSS) and catechin. Independent t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), along with post-hoc analysis, were employed for statistical analysis. In both study groups, a significant reduction (p < 0.01)in the bactericidal activity was noted when the samples treated with the ripe areca nut (rANE) were compared with the tender variant (tANE). Similarly, H2O2 levels were significantly reduced (p < 0.001) in the rANE in contrast to tANE for both study groups. The above results were significant within the group but were found to be non-significant between the study groups, except when it was treated with HBSS (p < 0.001). In the present study, it was found that there was a reduction in the bactericidal activity and H2O2 production of cPMNs in both healthy subjects and CP patients in the presence of areca nut extract. Moreover, the effect of rANE on cPMNs was more detrimental than tANE.

Background: This study aimed to develop an Urdu version of Child-Oral Impact on Daily Performance (C-OIDP) and assess its reliability and validity for children’s oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) assessment in Pakistan. Methods: A total of 200 school-going children aged 11–14 were recruited from two public schools. For the adaptation process, the original English version of C-OIDP was translated into Urdu, reviewed by an expert committee, back-translated into Urdu, and then reviewed again by the same expert committee and pilot tested on 10 children. A clinical examination was carried out to record dental and gingival status followed by a face-to-face interview to measure oral health-related quality of life in children using C-OIDP-U. Reliability, internal consistency, construct and discriminant validity were assessed. Results: The Cronbach’s alpha for C-OIDP-U was 0.69, the mean C-OIDP-U score was 10.2 ± 8.1 and 77.3% of the children reported at least one oral impact. Eating (40.3%) and difficulty in cleaning mouth (38.7%) were the two most impacted daily performances. For construct validity, the associations were significant between the C-OIDP-U score and all subjective oral health measures (p < 0.001). For discriminant validity, a significant association was observed between the C-OIDP-U score and clinical oral variables, children with DMFT + dmft ≥ 1, Gingival index > 1 and having malocclusion reported a higher C-OIDP-U score when compared to their counterparts. Conclusion: This study showed that C-OIDP is a valid, reliable and efficient instrument of OHRQoL for use in Pakistani children.

Background and Aim: Dental caries is a multifactorial, widespread chronic infection of the enamel, or dentin caused by plaque. Susceptible tooth surfaces, saliva, oral micro flora, and dietary carbohydrates are the main factors involved in the development of dental caries. Treatment and prevention management of caries among the population is measured in terms of prevalence and severity of anterior teeth caries. The present study's aim was to determine the prevalence of anterior teeth caries among adults. Methodology: This epidemiological study was conducted on 1276 patients reporting for treatment at the College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Saudi Arabia from January 2021 to July 2021. Detection of carries was carried out as per World Health Organization (WHO). Based on demographic details such as age, gender, occupation, and diet, the prevalence of carious anterior teeth was assessed. All the data was coded and analyzed using SPSS version 24. Results: Out of 1276 patients, male and female patients were 814 (63.8%) and 462 (36.2%) respectively. The incidence of carious anterior teeth was 263 (32.2%) in males whereas 149 (32.3%) in female patients. The overall incidence of carious anterior teeth was 32.25%being prevalent in male patients with an age range from 21 years to 30 years. A significant association was found among carious anterior teeth, age (p<0.05), diet (p<0.05), location (p<0.05), teeth malalignment (p<0.05), and oral hygiene (p<0.05). However, anterior decay had no significant association with gender (p=0.673) and occupation (p=.167). Maxillary central incisors were the commonly affected teeth in most cases. Conclusion: Our study found that the prevalence of carious anterior teeth was 32.25% and Maxillary central incisors were the commonly affected teeth in most cases. A significant association was found among carious anterior teeth, age, location, oral hygiene, diet, and teeth malalignment. But no significant association among carious anterior teeth, occupation, and gender. Keywords: Anterior caries, prevalence, dental caries

The matching of free power turbine with gas producer/generator turbine in a twin shaft industrial gas turbine configuration is a complex fluid interaction with the fact that maximum output must be achieved at fully choked nozzle segments while fixing the compressor and gas producer turbine pressure ratios. The paper presents characteristics of different turbo-machines with power turbine chiefly the matching of fixed area nozzle with low Wobbe Index Fuels. It also addresses the peculiar behavior of bleed valve, control limits, power as well as correlation of low Wobbe Index fuels. Mechanically, the gas producer/generator turbine and power turbine are independent in twin shaft gas turbines for oil and gas applications; i.e., the speed of free power turbine is controlled by driven equipment like pump or compressor similar to single shaft gas turbine generator set applications. The only contact remains between them is burnt gases generated by Gas producer Turbine. The full/optimum power will be obtained with correct aerodynamic matching of free power turbine at different match temperatures. The paper describes how turbine rotor inlet temperature ‘TRIT’ can be controlled by fixing discharge pressure of axial flow compressor, gas producer speed, flow through first power turbine nozzle etc. Important fluid phenomenon, the high TRIT in fully choked nozzle and bleed valve closing delay at high ambient match will be discussed in more detail. Last but not least, a correction factor is introduced by mathematical correlation of fixing the exit area of nozzles with complex calculations performed for low Wobbe index fuels keeping in view the match temperature.