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In recent years, bio‐based polymers have emerged as an alternative to petroleum‐based polymers in various industries. The bio‐based materials are made from raw materials originating from natural sources, such as starch, cellulose, chitin, or bio‐degradable synthetic polymers (i.e., polycaprolactone and polylactic acid). In spite of several desirable properties of biodegradable polymers, for example, fully renewable, non‐toxic. Some properties like melt and impact strength, thermal stability, permeability, and so forth, still do not meet the demands for end‐use applications. One way to improve the properties of biopolymers and greatly enhance their commercial potential is to incorporate nanosized reinforcement in the polymer. The access of nano‐carriers to smart polymeric and bio‐materials are limited by polymerization methods. Bio‐polymers are considered an alternative to petroleum‐based fibers. These are directly produced by organisms. Smart nanoparticles are used in different medicines and their applications are size‐dependent. Among the different techniques used for sensitivity, selectivity, and interactions among the nanoparticles. More so, different approaches were found for polymerization. Methodologies such as the preparation of nano‐gels, bio‐degradable, and bio‐polymers manufacturing in the pharmaceutical field are discussed in detail. Their applications, properties in gene delivery, smart imaging, and multivalency approach are also highlighted.