Background Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is among the most prevalent childhood disorders. This condition is characterized by impulsive behaviour, restlessness and lack of concentration. Various researchers have come up with diverse conclusions concerning the risk factors of ADHD. Objective However, there is a need for a comprehensive review to understand the risk factors associated with the development of ADHD. Methods For this, Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA), the methodology was used to extract the findings. Results The finding suggests that there are a variety of risk factors associated with women that may be responsible for the development of ADHD among children. The main four risk factors are antibiotics use in early life, insufficient omega 3 and 6 in the body, disruption of gut microbiota and irregular circadian rhythm. These factors, which are discussed in‐depth in the review, include factors that affect the development of the brain in children. Conclusion This review concludes that a variety of risk factors may contribute to the development of ADHD. Further, this review highlights not only the importance of metabolic physiological but also the importance of biopsychological aspects that leads to the development of ADHD among children. Studies should be conducted to check the impact of such factors holistically to minimize the risk of ADHD.

The purpose of this research is to delineate the structures of the Lower Goru Formation, investigate fluid properties, and clarify the hydrocarbon-prone areas through seismic attributes analysis. First, the acquired data was matched by the interpretation datum. Structural analysis was done by performing horizon interpretation, fault interpretation, and contour mapping on the C-Interval of the Lower Goru Formation. Hydrocarbon zones were marked with the help of attribute analysis on seismic sections and were justified by petrophysical analysis. An integrated approach such as seismic structural interpretation, seismic attribute, spectral decomposition, and petrophysical analyses was used in current research to better understand geological structure and features. This research showed that normal faults are present in the area showing negative flower structure, horst and graben, and faults oriented north-west to south-east. The contour map shows structural inclination and faults bound closure near well locations. Variance attribute and spectral decomposition attribute were used to verify horizon lineation and fault behavior. Instantaneous amplitude and instantaneous phase attributes justify hydrocarbon bearing zones, and bright spots are present on seismic sections at C–Interval of Lower Goru Formation. Petrophysical analysis of the available wells showed a number of significant hydrocarbon zones having more than 55% of hydrocarbon saturation at the C-Interval of the Lower Goru Formation. The four possible reservoir zones in Sawan-02 well, two zones in Sawan-07 well, and three zones in Sawan-09 well are identified based on well data interpretation. Based on these analyses, the area of interest has a very good reservoir potential, structural closure, and visible bright spots. The current finding of this research will be helpful for future exploration and development of the Sawan area.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common, complex reproductive syndrome characterized by menstrualirregularities, hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovaries. This study aimed to determine the role of resilience and emotional regulation and marital satisfaction in females diagnosed with the polycystic ovarian syndrome. Further, it investigated the predictors of marital satisfaction. 100 females were selected through purposive sampling from different clinics and hospitals in Lahore. State Resilience Scale, Emotional Regulation Questionnaire, and Relationship Assessment Scale were administered. Resilience and emotional regulation subscales i.e. cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression showed a significant positive correlation with marital satisfaction. Regression analysis indicated resilience and cognitive reappraisal were significant positive predictors of marital satisfaction. T-test analysis results of group difference showed that cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression were high in participants who do not have acne symptoms. Resilience and marital satisfaction were high in females who do not have irregularity in their menstruation cycle whereas expressive suppression was high in females who have irregularity in the menstruation cycle. This study will help to understand the PCOS problem as a matter of female health which requires attention and care to decrease the social, physical, and emotional problems arising from it.

The present study was conducted with the aim to investigate the relationship between Selfefficacy, Life satisfaction, and Quality of life in local tourists of Pakistan. Data was collected from local tourists, a total of 151 men and women. A correlational research design was used along with snowball sampling to collect data from participants by using of Self-efficacy scale (SES), Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), and Quality of life scale (QOL). The results revealed that there was a significant positive relationship among self-efficacy, life satisfaction, and quality of life in local tourists of Pakistan. Further, the results showed that self-efficacy and satisfaction with life are significantly correlated with factors of quality of life. Self-efficacy, satisfaction with life, and quality of life are found more in tourists who travel more frequently in a year. This study has implications for developing the tourist industry and encouraging local travel for Pakistani‘s as an intervention to improve the health and wellbeing of people. Keywords: Life satisfaction, local tourism, tourism, Pakistan, quality of life, self-efficacy

The human immune system is linked to the circadian rhythm, which is controlled by the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the central nervous system. The Circadian Biological Clock (CBC) integrates the external environmental changes with internal human physiology. This clock provides temporal accuracy and strong adaptation to the surrounding environment. When CBCs are disrupted or misaligned, as a result of shift work, social jet lag, or other lifestyle factors, adverse mental health consequences arise such as mood disorders and anxiety. Prolong disruption leads to OCDs or schizophrenia. There is compelling evidence that disrupting the circadian biological clock can wreak havoc on one's mental health. This study highlights the impact of CBC on the general mental health of the Pakistani population during COVID19 pandemic. For this purpose, a survey research designed with a purposive sampling technique was used to collect data by using two tools and a sample of (N=379) individuals that selected from Lahore, Pakistan. Results revealed that the CBC explained significant variance with general mental health. The current research focused on the negative consequences of modern living practices and the importance of promoting synchronised lifestyle changes to align body rhythms for optimum mental health.