Introduction:Fucoidan is a sulfated polysaccharide that has a wide range of bioactivities including anti-cancer. This polysaccharide commonly is extracted from marine brown seaweed. There is lack of information on the fucoidan extracted from tropical brown algae and its anti-cancer activity. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to purify fucoidan from Sargassum sp., Turbinaria sp. and Padina sp., and to evaluate their cytotoxicity against breast cancer (MCF-7) and colon cancer cells (WiDr). Materials and Methods: Fucoidan extraction was conducted by using acid extraction method. Purified fucoidans were obtained by DEAE cellulose column chromatography and confirmed by HPLC and FT-IR spectrometry. The cytotoxicity was evaluated by using the MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl] -2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. Results: Fucoidan from Sargassum sp. and Turbinaria sp. showed low cytotoxicity with IC 50 ranging between 461-663 µg/mL. Higher cytotoxicity against MCF-7 and WiDr was showed by fucoidan from Padina sp. with IC 50 of 144 and 118 µg/mL, respectively. While its IC 50 against Vero cells was 501 µg/mL.Standard fucoidan from Fucus vesiculosus exhibited IC 50 of 60, 63 and 211 µg/mL against MCF-7, WiDr and Vero Cells, respectively. Although the IC 50 was higher than that of standard fucoidan, Padina sp. fucoidan showed cytotoxicity comparable with standard fucoidan at concentrations below 100 µg/mL. Conclusion: These results indicated that Padina sp.fucoidan showed potential selective cytotoxicity, and promising for the development of an anti-cancer compound.

Abstract. Patantis G, Dewi AS, Fawzya YN, Nursid M. 2019. Identification of Beche-de-mers from Indonesia by molecular approach. Biodiversitas 20: 537-543. Sea cucumbers have been commercially traded around the world due to their nutritional values and health benefits. Sea cucumbers are marketed as processed sea cucumber, also known as beche de mer, teripang, haisen or gamat. Due to the high global demand of beche-de-mers, there have been several cases of fraud due to the visual shape and color similarities of processed sea cucumbers. Additionally, the local name diversity of Indonesian sea cucumbers making the identification of beche-de-mers difficult. Therefore, this study aimed to identify commercial sea cucumbers from selected locations in Indonesia by molecular approach. The targeted Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) was used in this research. A total of 25 beche-de-mers was purchased from local markets in Indonesia, i.e. Boalemo (17 local names), Pesawaran (5), Surabaya (2) and West Lombok (1). Results showed that 22 species of beche-de-mer were successfully identified, ie. Acaudina sp., Actinopyga echinites, A. lecanora, A. miliaris, Bohadschia argus, B. marmorata, B. ocellata, B. vitiensis, Holothuria sp. H. atra, H. coluber, H. edulis, H. excellens, H. fuscocinerea, H. fuscogilva, H. fuscopunctata, H. scabra, Pearsonothuria graeffei, Phyrella sp., Stichopus herrmanni, S. horrens and S. monotuberculatus. The identification of Indonesian beche-de-mers using molecular method could support the identification of the local sea cucumbers to overcome mislabeled and fraud. Correct identification is important for the record of beche-de-mer trade in Indonesia and further conservation management.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan, sitotoksisitas dan kandungan fukosantin ekstrak etil asetat beberapa jenis rumput laut coklat. Aktivitas antioksidan dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode 2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) sedangkan aktivitas sitotoksik diuji dengan menggunakan metode {3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide} (MTT). Kadar fukosantin dianalisis menggunakan metode Kromatografi Cair Kinerja Tinggi (KCKT). Enam jenis rumput laut coklat yaitu Sargassum ilicifolium, Sargassum binderi, Turbinaria decurrens, Turbinaria ornata, Padina australis dan Hormophysa triquetra telah dikoleksi dari pantai Binuangeun, Propinsi Banten. Ekstrak P. australis menunjukkan aktivitas antioksidan yang paling tinggi diiikuti oleh H. triquetra dan T. decurrens. Hasil uji memperlihatkan bahwa ekstrak T. decurrens menghambat pertumbuhan sel HeLa dan T47D sedangkan H. triquetra hanya menghambat pertumbuhan sel T47D. Kadar fukosantin tertinggi dihasilkan oleh ekstrak H. triquetra sebesar 88,5 mg/g diikuti oleh T. decurrens, dan P. australis, berturut-turut sebesar 86,9 mg/g, dan 77,8 mg/g. Di lain sisi, kandungan fukosantin ekstrak S. ilicifolium, T. ornata, dan S. binderi relatif rendah (<20 ppm).

Marine organisms, in particular nudibranchs (Mollusca: nudibranchia), are known as a rich source of chemically diverse secondary metabolites exhibiting potential as antimalarial, antiinflammatory, antiviral and anticancer activity. We presented the chemical investigation of an extract of nudibranch Hypselodoris infucata collected from Bali, an unexplored water but rich in nudibranch diversity. The extract contained the known (-)furodysinin (1), a furanosesquiterpene that for the first time isolated from this species. Metabolite 1 was purified by chromatography and the structure was characterised by comparison of 1 H NMR data with that of the reported data. The absolute configuration was determined by comparing the optical rotation values with the known enantiomer. In vitro cytotoxic activity of compound 1 against HeLa cell line displayed an IC50 at 102.7µg/mL. We also report for the first time the development of a method to assay nudibranch extracts for their feeding deterrence activity against local shrimps Penaeus vannamei. The extract show food rejection with highly significant difference in respect to the control (P = 0.0061) at natural concentration of 3.0mg/mL.

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