Objective: This research aims to undergo a juridical analysis of the stipulations for the adoption of refugee children from the perspective of international law.  Methodology: This was juridical normative research that collected data using the literary study method. This research used primary legal materials, secondary legal materials, and non-legal materials research instruments. Findings: A core principle in making policies concerning refugee children is the ‘best interest rule’, which has two main implementations: the making of governmental policies and decisions made on the children as individuals. Adoption may only be considered after all efforts on tracing and reunifying child refugees with their families have failed, or if the child’s parents have agreed on that adoption according to the standard stipulated in the Convention on the Protection of Children and Co-operation in Respect of Intercountry Adoption. A jurisprudence concerning this was the case of Mariya Abdi Ibrahim vs Norway in the European Court of Human Rights for Application No. 15379/16. Indonesian stipulations are not in line with the international law that allows the adoption of refugee children. Application: This research may provide insight for the Indonesian government in considering an alternative care model for the many child refugees in Indonesia. Originality: This research described alternative model patterns that may be applied in Indonesia, as the government only regulated the prohibition of adopting international child refugees in Indonesia. But when referring to some international conventions, some types of alternative care are permitted, including adoption, even though it is only applied as a last resort. Keywords: adoption, children, refugee, international law, Indonesia.

Administrative effort is an effort to resolve disputes in the Indonesian State Administrative Court. This administrative effort changed after the Omnibus Law was introduced. However, the Omnibus Law itself will be changed in the future because there is a demand for a constitutional court decision. Therefore, administrative efforts have the potential to change back to what it was before the Omnibus Law. This study aims to determine the competence of existing changes in administrative efforts. This research method is carried out using a normative approach that is based on browsing library materials or secondary data. The result to be achieved in this research is to give a prescription that Law Number 30 of 2014 concerning Government Administration has its own procedural process, even though this Law is sectoral.

Pada satu dekade terakhir, kehidupan masyarakat semakin pesat bergerak memasuki era digital yang sering disebut era industri 4.0. Meskipun diawali dari kegiatan bisnis, berbagai aktivitas dalam dunia maya juga mulai dikenal di bidang pelayanan publik seperti e-signature, e-litigation, e-court, e-registration, dukcapil online dan sebagainya. Masifnya berbagai aktivitas elektronik tersebut didorong oleh derasnya arus kemajuan dan inovasi teknologi salah satunya smart contract pada sistem blockchain. Aplikasi smart contract blockchain digadang dapat digunakan selain berkaitan dengan cryptocurrency atau aset kripto, yakni antara lain untuk e-voting ataupemilu, rekam medis dan pendaftaran tanah. Pada tahun 2021, Menteri Agraria dan Tata Ruang/Kepala Badan Pertanahan Nasional RI mengeluarkan Peraturan Nomor 1 Tahun 2021 tentang Sertipikat Elektronik yang mulai berlaku sejak tanggal 12 Januari 2021. Peraturan tersebut memungkinkan dikeluarkannya Sertipikat Elektronik untuk pendaftaran tanah pertama kali atau untuk penggantian sertipikat lama menjadi Sertipikat Elektronik. Peraturan tersebut dapat disimpulkan merupakan implementasi Road Map Transformasi Digital yang dikeluarkan oleh Kementerian Agraria dan Tata Ruang/ Badan Pertanahan Nasional. Pada Road Map tersebut, salah satu poin yang disebutkan untuk tahun 2022 adalah Implementasi smart contract, smart escrow. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis tentang dinamika pengaturan pendaftaran tanah para era digital di Indonesia dan bagaimana potensi penggunaan smart contract untuk pendaftaran tanah di Indonesia. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian yuridis normatif. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah studi kepustakaan. Alat yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder berupa dokumen yang terdiri dari bahan hukum primer, bahan hukum sekunder, dan bahan non hukum. Data tersebut dianalisis secara kualitatif kemudian disajikan secara deskriptif.