Objectives: To determine the mean serum electrolyte level in neonates with perinatal birth asphyxia with moderate hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. Study Design: Descriptive Cross Sectional study. Setting: Pediatric Ward, Emergency and OPD, Allied Hospital, Faisalabad. Period: December 2017 to May 2018. Material & Methods: In our study, out of 190 cases were included, Results: mean g. age was calculated as 39.44+1.51 weeks, 49.47% (n=94) were male and 50.53% (n=96) were females. Mean APGAR score at 1 minute was calculated as 4.59+0.49 whereas 5.41+0.67 at 5 minutes. Mean weight of the neonates was calculated as 2771.58+256.83 grams. Frequency of delivered through history of fetal distress was recorded in 43.68% (n=83), mean serum electrolytes shows that serum sodium 137.71+1.69 mg/dl, serum potassium 3.92+0.18 mg/dl and serum calcium 8.45+0.51 mg/dl. Conclusion: We concluded that mean serum electrolyte level in neonates with perinatal birth asphyxia with moderate hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy were in normal range, however, in absence of control group and data analysis in qualitative way, we are unable to record the frequency of hypocalcemia, hyponatremia and hyperkalemia, which may be done in coming trials.

Background: Â-thalassemia is a common single genetic disorder in Pakistanwith about 8% gene frequency and roughly 10 million carriers. Growth impairment leadingto short stature in thalassemic patients is an important cause of morbidity. Objectives: Todetermine the frequency of short stature in children with muti-transfused â-Thalassemia major.Study Design: Descriptive cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: PediatricDepartment, Allied Hospital, Faisalabad from December 2015 to May 2016. Patient & Methods:Ninety multi-transfused â-thalassemia major patients diagnosed by hemoglobin electrophoresisbetween 06 to 10 years of age of either gender were included. Patients with â-thalassemiamajor with a concomitant chronic illness like congenital heart disease, tuberculosis, celiacdisease and immunodeficiency and those with familial short stature as determined by historyand mid-parental height were excluded. Results: Out of 90 cases, 56.67% (n=51) werebetween 6-8 years of age while 43.33% (n=39) between 9-10 years of age, mean + SD was7.85+1.50 years, 51.11%(n=46) male and 48.89%(n=44) were females. Frequency of shortstature in children with â-thalassemia major receiving multiple transfusion was 41.11% (n=37)while 58.89% (n=53) had normal stature. Conclusion: The frequency of short stature is highamong â-thalassemic multi-transfused children. It is recommended that every patient withâ-Thalassemia major, should be sort out for short stature. However, surveillance of growth anddevelopment in these patients is important.

Circumcision is the commonest surgical procedure carried out on children. After evaluation of currently available studies and clinical trials the health benefits of newborn male circumcision outweigh the risks. Objectives: To determine the frequency of urinary tract infection (UTI) in uncircumcised infants presenting in the pediatric floor of Faisalabad Medical University. Study Design: Descriptive Cross Sectional study. Setting: Pediatric Ward, Emergency and OPD, Allied Hospital, Faisalabad. Period: July 2017 Dec 2017. Material & Methods: After Ethical Review, all male uncircumcised subjects were included with consent from the patients. Data regarding the disease, presenting complaints was collected after complete examination of the child. Age, weight, temperature, history of previous UTI, dysuria, and colour and urine was noted. Urine sample was collected in a sterile container with the help of the parents and sent to the lab for complete examination and culture. Relevant baseline investigation was also sent to the laboratory for examination. Results of the urine complete examination and urine culture were also noted. Results: In this trial, mean age was calculated as 6.81+2.44 months, mean temperature and weight of the infants was recorded as 99.26+1.06F and 7.06+1.85kgs respectively. Frequency of history of dysuria was recorded in 30% (n=30), frequency of previous history of UTI was recorded in 13% (n=13), frequency of UTI was recorded in 25% (n=25). Conclusion: We concluded that the frequency of urinary tract infection (UTI) is higher in uncircumcised infants; however, timely circumcision may reduce the risk of UTI. The current data is primary in our population which needs authentication through some other trials.

… Background: Pneumonia is lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) and represents inflammatory conditions of the lungs i.e of the lower respiratory tracts, air sacs and lung parenchyma. 1 Objectives: To determine the role of vitamin D supplementation in reducing morbidity in children with pneumonia. Study Design: Randomized Controlled trial. Place and Duration of Study: Pediatric Department, Mayo Hospital Lahore from December 2014 to May 2015. Patient & Methods: Two hundred children of age 2-59 months with pneumonia (fever, cough, tachypnea, and subcostal recessions) and low vitamin D level (< 20 ng/ml) were included in the study. One Hundred pneumonia patients received antibiotics (group A) and vitamins D (100,000 IU) while another group of hundred patients received only antibiotics without vitamin supplementation (group B). When respiratory distress settled, length of stay in hospital was calculated at the time of discharged. All patients were followed in pediatric OPDs for 3 months after in-hospital treatment to pick recurrence of pneumonia symptoms (if any). Results: The mean recovery time for vitamin D group (5.7 +2.8 days) and non-vitamin D (6.1+2.8 days) was almost same with P=0.29. But the frequency of repeated episodes of pneumonia within 30 days of treatment was lower in intervention group n=4 (2%) than the non-intervention group n=18 (9%) (P = 0.002). Conclusion: 100,000 IU of vitamin D given once during treatment of pneumonia decreases the chances of recurrence in the next 30 days.

For children below age of five urinary tract infection (UTI) is the foremost common sources of infection. To lessen the danger of renal scarring it is critical to have immediate diagnosis and treatment. Quick, cost-effective, methods for the analysis of UTI are needed as substitute to culture. Objectives: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of urine dipstick in detection of UTI in children keeping urine culture as a gold standard. Study Design: Cross sectional validation study. Setting: Outpatient Department, Madinah Teaching Hospital, Faisalabad. Period: 01-2018 to 07-2018. Material & Methods: After taking permission from the hospital ethical committee all female patients with urinary tract infection were included. A rapid dipstick analysis for leukocyte esterase and nitrite was done by a staff nurse using Meditest Combi 10 SGL. The reaction of dipstick strip was read visually by a trained nurse who has five year experience working in the Outpatient Department, Madinah Teaching Hospital, Faisalabad. All dipstick positive and dipstick negative samples underwent cultures by sending samples in a clean container to the pathology lab via a sanitary attendant within one hour of the urine collection. Results: In our study, 69.21%(n=281) were between 2 months to 3 years of age while 30.79%(n=125) were between 4-5 years of age, mean+sd was calculated as 2.63+1.36 years, frequency of UTI in children on urine culture as a gold standard was recorded in 20.69%(n=84), the diagnostic accuracy of urine dipstick in detection of UTI in children keeping urine culture as a gold standard was recorded as 80.95%, 62.42%, 35.98%, 92.63% and 66.26% for sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy rate. Conclusion: We conclude that the diagnostic accuracy of urine dipstick in detection of UTI in children keeping urine culture as a gold standard is higher and this cost effective and easy technique may be used in our routine practice for prediction of UTI in children.