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Background Pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is a native pest of Asia and preferably invasion on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) crop as a commendatory host plant. Commercially, G. hirsutum is known as white gold and is an important cash crop all over the globe. Limited studies were published to focus on certain dietary compositions against different cotton pests. Therefore, the present study was undertaken in the laboratory under controlled conditions (temperature: 27 ± 2°C and relative humidity: 60 ± 10%) to determine the impact of three different treatment diets (wheat germ meal, okra, and chickpea) on the biological aspects (lifetime, developmental period) of P. gossypiella. Results Results revealed that the shortest larval time of P. gossypiella was observed on the okra feed diet while the longest period was recorded on the wheat germ diet. Meanwhile, the pupation delay was noted on the wheat germ diet. The dietary influence was also observed on adult stages of female and male P. gossypiella (43.00 and 37.50 days respectively) and compared with a standard diet (56.50 and 52.50 days respectively). Furthermore, larval weighed more on the okra and chickpea diet followed by the wheat germ diet, whereas highest pupal weight was observed on the standard diet followed by the chickpea diet and okra diet. Conclusion Developmental parameters were significantly variant across all treatment diets, whereas the higher significant difference was reported on the okra diet. Therefore, the existing data of this study offers fruitful interventions for the future as a modified diet for large-scale and rapid mass production of P. gossypiella larvae.

A study plan was designed to estimate the coagulation parameters like Prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), fibrinogen level and fibrinogen degradation products (FDPs). In this study, coagulation parameters were compared in combined oral contraceptives (COCs) and control group. 40 subjects of COCs with 20 normal females without hormonal contraceptive were included in this study. Blood samples were collected for special coagulation parameters. FDPs were significantly elevated in subjects using COCs as compared to normal control. PT and APTT were shortened in COCs. Fibrinogen levels were increased significantly in COCs when compared with control groups.

The present research was conducted to collect and identify genus Aleurocanthus from Punjab, province of Pakistan, which is situated between 29.24 0 N to 33.56 0 N latitude, 70.25 0 E to 74.31 0 E and 125 to 2291 meter in altitude. It has very broad host range for this genus. Four species viz., A. davidi, A. russellae, A. spiniferus and A. woglumi were identified from the pupal cases mounted on slides. Of these, four species A. davidi, and A. spiniferus are new records for Pakistan. The species are illustrated and described. A key for the identification of species of this genus is also given. These species are severely infesting Acacia nilotica, Mangifera indica, Citrus sp, Eucalyptus citriodora, Morus alba, Jatropha multifida, Terminalia catappa, Putranjiva roxburghii and Syzygium cumini. These species were collected from Bahawalpur, Faisalabad, Dera Ghazi Khan, Islamabad, Lahore, Multan and Sialkot. Collection was done randomly throughout the Punjab.

Seventy Five subjects were selected. Fifty subjects were breast cancer patients and 25 healthy control subjects were included. FDPs and D-dimers were performed by using commercially available kits. Results obtained were analyzed by using chi-square (X2) test and level of significance was done. A significant increase in the levels of FDPs and D-dimers were found in patients with breast cancer.