Hidden layers play a vital role in the performance of Neural network especially in the case of complex problems where the accuracy and the time complexity are the main constraints. The process of deciding the number of hidden layers and number of neurons in each hidden layer is still confusing. In this article, we reviewed different impacts of Hidden layers on the network which provides an overview of using three numbers of hidden layers that were found to be optimal in terms of reducing the time complexity and getting the qualified accuracy. The techniques implementing less than three number of hidden layers mostly had a loss in accuracy while the architecture implementing more than three numbers of hidden layers were found not to be optimal in terms of time complexity. Usually implementing three numbers of hidden layers give the optimal performance in terms of time complexity and accuracy. We had a survey on recent work about the Neural network based on the Empirical observations, in which if the number of hidden layers is reduced it has a direct impact on the accuracy of the network as with the complex problem having less number of hidden layers it might be possible that network will not be trained properly. On the other hand when the number of hidden layers cross the optimal number of hidden layers (three layers), time complexity increases in orders of magnitude as compared to the accuracy gain.

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The depletion of natural resources and the intermittence of renewable energy resources have pressed the need for a hybrid microgrid, combining the benefits of both AC and DC microgrids, minimizing the overall deficiency shortcomings and increasing the reliability of the system. The hybrid microgrid also supports the decentralized grid control structure, aligning with the current scattered and concentrated load scenarios. Hence, there is an increasing need to explore and reveal the integration, optimization, and control strategies regarding the hybrid microgrid. A comprehensive study of hybrid microgrid’s performance parameters, efficiency, reliability, security, design flexibility, and cost-effectiveness is required. This paper discusses major issues regarding the hybrid microgrids, the integration of AC and DC microgrids, their security and reliability, the optimization of power generation and load management in different scenarios, the efficient management regarding uncertainty for renewable energy resources, the optimal placement of feeders, and the cost-effective control methodologies for the hybrid microgrid. The major research areas are briefly explained, aiming to find the research gap that can further improve the performance of the grid. In light of the recent trends in research, novel strategies are proposed that are found most effective and cost-friendly regarding the hybrid microgrid. This paper will serve as a baseline for future research, comparative analysis, and further development of novel techniques regarding hybrid microgrids.

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