Gait is a vital biometric process for human identification in the domain of machine learning. In this article, a new method is implemented for human gait recognition based on accurate segmentation and multi-level features extraction. Four major steps are performed including: a) enhancement of motion region in frame by the implementation of linear transformation with HSI color space; b) Region of Interest (ROI) detection based on parallel implementation of optical flow and background subtraction; c) shape and geometric features extraction and parallel fusion; d) Multi-class support vector machine (MSVM) utilization for recognition. The presented approach reduces error rate and increases the CCR. Extensive experiments are done on three data sets namely CASIA-A, CASIA-B and CASIA-C which present different variations in clothing and carrying conditions. The proposed method achieved maximum recognition results of 98.6% on CASIA-A, 93.5% on CASIA-B and 97.3% on CASIA-C, respectively.

Automated fundus screening is becoming a significant programme of telemedicine in ophthalmology. Instant quality evaluation of uploaded retinal images could decrease unreliable diagnosis. In this work, we propose fractal dimension of retinal vasculature as an easy, effective and explainable indicator of retinal image quality. The pipeline of our approach is as follows: utilize image pre-processing technique to standardize input retinal images from possibly different sources to a uniform style; then, an improved deep learning empowered vessel segmentation model is employed to extract retinal vessels from the pre-processed images; finally, a box counting module is used to measure the fractal dimension of segmented vessel images. A small fractal threshold (could be a value between 1.45 and 1.50) indicates insufficient image quality. Our approach has been validated on 30,644 images from four public database.

The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of targeted retinal photocoagulation (TRP) with pan retinal photocoagulation (PRP) in the treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). A total of 100 patients with PDR were enrolled in the study. The patients were divided into the TRP group (n=50) and the PRP group (n=50). The primary outcome measure was the proportion of patients who achieved a complete regression of PDR. Secondary outcome measures included the effect of TRP or PRP on visual acuity, visual fields and the need for further treatments. The results showed that the TRP is an effective treatment modality in proliferative retinopathy regression (86%) like PRP group (72%). The TRP group also showed a visual acuity improvement (0.19 logMAR) compared to the PRP group (mean improvement of 0.13 logMAR) with good preservation of visual fields. There were no significant differences in the need for further treatments between the two groups. These results suggest that TRP is safe treatment option for PDR. Material and Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of ophthalmology Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar from January 2020 to July 2021. A total of 100 patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy were included in the study.

Background: The most prevalent type of glaucoma, known as primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), is a major contributor to preventable blindness worldwide. Treating hypertensive ocular diseases, such as elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), may decrease the development and progression of (POAG). Objective: this study was to evaluate the efficiency with which patients who have had Nd-Yag laser capsulotomy may reduce their intraocular pressure with a predetermined dosage of brimonidine tartrate 0.2% and timalol maleate 0.5% Method: From January 2022 to January 2023, a prospective, randomized trial was conducted in the Department of Ophthalmology at KMC and KTH Peshawar. Sample size 100 patients who had undergone (Nd-Yag-laser capsulotomy) were enrolled in the study. After random selection, 50 patients were divided into two groups. Group 1 received (timolol maleate) [0.5%] BID daily and Group 2 received [0.5%] (timolol maleate) in a constant proportion in addition to (0.2%) brimonidine tartrate BID daily. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was assessed at the beginning, after one week, three weeks, and four weeks. The mean IOP at 4 weeks served as the major outcome indicator. Mean IOP at 1 week, 3 week, and 4 week intervals were included as secondary end measures. Descriptive statistics, the Student's t-test, and one-way ANOVA were used to analyse the data. Results: Mean IOP at baseline not significant with in two groups [P=0.36]. At one week, the mean IOP in the timolol group was 15.3 3.3 mmHg, compared to 13.1 2.9 mmHg in the timolol/brimonidine (P=0.001). At 3 weeks, (mean IOP) in the (timolol-group) was 14.4 3.1 mmHg, compared to 12.5 2.8 mmHg in the timolol/brimonidine group (p 0.001). At 4 weeks, the mean IOP in the timolol group was 13.8 3.1 mmHg, compared to 11.7 2.7 mmHg in the timolol/brimonidine group (p 0.001). Conclusion: this study show that persons who have had Nd-Yag laser capsulotomy benefit from a blending together timolol maleate [0.5%] and brimonidine tartrate [0.2%] to significantly reduce intraocular pressure (IOP). Keywords: Intraocular Pressure,ttimolol- maleate, brimoni-dine- tartrate, Nd-Yag Laser-Capsulotomy