BACKGROUND: Knowledge of the normal pattern and variations of the blood supply of the right colon is crucial for better outcomes after colon surgery. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to describe the precise vascular anatomy of the right colon according to surgical perspective. DESIGN: Adult fresh cadavers were dissected between January 2013 and October 2015, focusing on the venous and arterial anatomy of the right side of the colon. SETTINGS: Macroscopic anatomical dissections were performed on 111 adult fresh cadavers with emphasis on the vascular anatomy of the right colon. The colic tributaries of the superior mesenteric artery and vein were documented in writing. Furthermore, the dissections were recorded with a video camera. RESULTS: The incidence of colic arteries arising from the superior mesenteric artery included ileocolic artery, 100%; right colic artery, 33.3%; middle colic artery, 100%; and accessory middle colic artery, 11,7%. All 111 cadavers had a single ileocolic vein, which drained into the superior mesenteric vein in 103 cases (92.8%), into the gastro-pancreatico-colic trunk in 7 cases (6.3%), and into the jejunal trunk in 1 case (0.9%). The drainage site of the ileocolic vein to the superior mesenteric vein varied, and in 9% of cases the ileocolic vein did not accompany the ileocolic artery. The gastro-pancreatico-colic trunk was detected in 87 cases (78.4%); with several forms of the origin of the respective branches, the gastropancreatic trunk was detected in 24 cases (21.6), and the classic gastrocolic trunk of Henle was not detected. Variations were found in the formation and drainage routes of other venous colic tributaries of the superior mesenteric vein. LIMITATIONS: This study is limited by its use of cadavers in that it is impossible to trace each vessel to its origin in live surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Surgeons must watch, observe, and bear in mind that vascular variations can occur. Awareness of these complex variations may improve the quality of surgery and may prevent devastating complications during right-sided colon resections.

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In cases of fall from a height, the presence of laryngohyoid fracture or bleeding at autopsy constitutes a suspicion of strangulation before trauma in these types of cases. This study has aimed to investigate the incidence of laryngohyoid fractures in nonhomicidal fall from height cases, and their relationship with age, sex, height of fall, body mass index, and other injuries.A total of 170 cases proven to be nonhomicidal falls from height with certain witnesses and evidences in 4683 autopsy cases in 2013 were included in this study.The mean age of the patients included in the study was 39.96 ± 22.25, and 70.6% of the cases were men. It was found that 118 (69.4%) of the deaths were accidental and 52 (30.6%) were suicidal. Laryngohyoid fracture was determined in 9.4% of the cases. In the multivariate logistic regression analyses, it was found that as the height increased, the incidence of hyoid bone fracture increased, and as the age increased, the incidence of thyroid cartilage fracture increased significantly. Furthermore, in cases with cervical spine fractures, the incidence of hyoid bone fracture, and in cases with clavicle or cervical spine fractures, the incidence of thyroid cartilage fracture were observed to be significantly higher.When there is a suspicion in falls from height with laryngohyoid fractures, the height of fall, the age of case, and the injury in the adjacent bones contribute to the determination of the cause and manner of death.

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1 5 ; 2 0 ( 3 ) : 1 6 6 -1 7 1 . Özetİmza, kişisel özellikleri yansıtan ve yasal olarak kişiye özel olduğu kabul edilen bir el yazısı biçimidir. İmza sahteciliğinde birçok yöntem kullanılabilmekte olup karbon kağıdı kullanılarak kopyalama bu yöntemlerden biridir. Bu çalışmada, karbon kağıdı kullanılarak kopyalama içeren bir imza sahteciliği olgusu irdelenerek, imzaların bilgisayar ortamında süperimpozisyonu(üst üste getirilmesi) yöntemi ile tetabukun gösterilmesi ve olgu üzerinden belge incelemede tetabuk ayırıcı tanısı ile birlikte bilgisayar teknolojilerinin rolünün tartışılması amaçlanmıştır. Güncel belge inceleme bilirkişiliği açısından, kişisel tecrübenin yanı sıra bilgisayar teknolojileri de analizde önem kazanmaktadır. Hayatın doğal akışına uygun görünmeyen biçimde birbirinin aynı olan iki imza ya da imza grubu (tetabuk) arasında olası sahtecilik unsurlarının değerlendirilmesinde, süperimpozisyon yönteminin salt kişisel gözlem sonuçları dışında lineer matematik verilerle de ortaya konulabilir şekilde uygulanması için pahalı bilgisayar programlarının yanında daha basit ama ücretsiz, açık kaynak kodlu programların da kullanılabileceğini göstermek açısından bu olgu ve olgunun çözümlenme yolu bilimsel paylaşıma değer bulunmuştur.Anahtar Kelimeler: Belge inceleme, İmza inceleme, Bilgisayar teknolojisi, Süperimpozisyon, Tetabuk. AbstractSignature is a handwriting type which reflects the personal characteristics and which is legally accepted to be exclusive. Various methods can be used for signature forgery and copying through carbon paper use is one of these methods. In this study, to show 'overlapping' with the method of superimposition of the signatures in computer media through analyzing the case of a signature forgery which includes the method of copying through carbon paper use and to discuss the role of computer technologies together with the differential diagnosis of 'overlapping' in document examination have been aimed. With regards to contemporary document examination expertise, besides personal experience, also computer technologies are becoming important in the analysis. In the evaluation of forgery components between two signatures or signature groups being identical to a degree which seems to be impossible in the nature of things (overlapping), this case and the way of its analysis is found to be worth being scientifically shared in order to show that not only expensive computer programs but also free, open source softwares can be used for carrying out superimposition method in a way possible to present through linear mathematics data instead of only personal observation results.