Three segregating F 2 populations were developed by self-pollinating 3 black rot resistant F 1 plants, derived from a cross between black rot resistant parent line 11B-1-12 and the susceptible cauliflower cultivar 'Snow Ball'. Plants were wound inoculated using 4 isolates of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) race 4, and disease severity ratings of F 2 plants from the three populations were scored. A total of 860 arbitrary oligonucleotide primers were used to amplify DNA from black rot resistant and susceptible F 2 plants and bulks. Eight RAPD markers amplified fragments associated with completely disease free plants following black rot inoculation, which segregated in frequencies far lower than expected. Segregation of markers with black rot resistance indicates that a single, dominant major gene controls black rot resistance in these plants. Stability of this black rot resistance gene in populations derived from 11B-1-12 may complicate introgression into B. oleracea genotypes for hybrid production.
Interspecific hybrid plants and backcross 1 (BC 1 ) progeny were produced through sexual crosses and embryo rescue between Brassica carinata accession PI 360883 and B. oleracea cvs ÔTitleistÕ and ÔCecileÕ to transfer resistance to powdery mildew to B. oleracea. Four interspecific hybrids were obtained through application of embryo rescue from crosses with B. carinata as the maternal parent, and their interspecific nature confirmed through plant morphology and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. Twenty-one BC 1 plants were obtained through sexual crosses and embryo rescue although embryo rescue was not necessary to produce first backcross generation plants between interspecific hybrids and B. oleracea. All interspecific hybrids and eight of the BC 1 plants were resistant to powdery mildew.Powdery mildew is a fungal disease of Brassica species caused by Erysiphe polygoni D.C. Erysiphe polygoni is an obligate pathogen and requires host tissue to grow and reproduce. Conidiospores are dispersed by wind or other means on to leaves where they germinate and penetrate host tissues. The pathogen reduces the vigour of host plants and sometimes causes significant yield losses and reduction in product quality. Powdery mildew is more common when weather conditions are cool and dry during late fall (Walker and Williams 1965). Brussel's sprouts and late maturing storage cabbages are infected by E. polygoni under field conditions. The disease is problematic during seed increases of Brassica species in greenhouses. Powdery mildew can be controlled by application of fungicides; however, fungicide application is often not desirable because of cost and environmental effects. Host plant resistance can be exploited as an alternative approach to controlling the disease. Some B. oleracea cultivars and accessions have moderate tolerance to the fungus (Walker and Williams 1965). However, many B. oleracea cultivars and accessions are highly susceptible to the disease. Resistant cabbage germplasm has previously been identified in which resistance was controlled by a single dominant gene with modifiers Williams 1965, Williams et al. 1968). Resistance also has been identified in related Brassica species, such as B. carinata and B. napus (Bradshaw et al. 1989, Singh et al. 1997.Interspecific hybrids can be produced between different Brassica species with the help of embryo rescue techniques, and provide potential for incorporation of different traits and for broadening the genetic base of cultivated Brassica crops (Prakash et al. 1999). Brassica carinata accession PI 360883 was identified as being resistant to powdery mildew in the greenhouse screening conditions (M. Tonguc¸and P. D. Griffiths, personal communication). The aim of the present study was to transfer powdery mildew resistance from B. carinata PI 360883 to B. oleracea to produce powdery mildew-resistant interspecific hybrids and backcross plants, and to enhance B. oleracea germplasm through incorporation of B. carinata chromosomal segments. Plant materials: Brassica c...
The present study was carried out to determine the agronomic and quality characteristics of domestic and foreign safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) genotypes in the 2011-2012 growing season in Isparta. In the study, 39 safflower genotypes were used as the plant material. The highest 1000 seed weight and hull content were detected in Ziyang. Arizona SC III was determined as the genotype with the lowest 1000 seed weight, hull content, seed yield, and oil yield. The highest seed yield was recorded in UC-1 (215.9 kg da-1). Oil contents of the genotypes ranged from 22.6 to 33.8% on average and Arizona SC III, Oleic Leed, Centennial, Finch, Ole, S-517, Enana and Leed were determined as the genotypes with the highest oil content. Variation for oleic acid was between 11.1 and 68.3% in 2011 and between 12.0 and 71.6% in 2012. Linoleic acid content varied between 18.0 and 74.7% in 2011 and between 14.2 and 73.9% in 2012. Montola 2000, Ole, UC-1, NO 55-663 and S-517 were found to contain more than 60% oleic acid. Both performances of the genotypes used in the study could further examined by cultivating in different locations and a successful hybridization program compatible with the desired goals of breeding may be drawn up using wide variations reported among the examined morphological and agronomic characters.
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