This research analyses the effects of the bank size and it financing to customer on credit risk, only few researches considered credit risk of Islamic banks by only focus on the determinants of credit risk, in this research, the authors considered a specific issue which is the size of both; the bank itself and the size of their financing to client. Using a sample of 48 Islamic banks from 16 countries around the world over the period from 2008 to 2018, a fixed effect panel data analysis has been applied, the results show that there is a negative relationship between the bank size and credit risk, a negative relationship between the financing to customer and credit risk, and a negative relationship between capital to assets ratio and credit risk.

Purpose -COVID-19 has forced governments to implement fiscal policy measures that will widen budget deficits in many countries. Economies with limited public revenues or limited fiscal space, like Jordan, will probably suffer more, and probably for years to come. The expected deterioration in the status of public finance will force the government in Jordan to make difficult choices in the re-allocation of its budgetary resources. Within this context, the fact that Jordan has always been a relatively big spender on the military, the pandemic might lead to some decrease in this spending item. This is why the objective of this paper examines the impact of military spending on economic growth in Jordan. Methodology -To examine the nexus between military spending and economic growth, this paper uses annual data that covers the period 1980 -2019. The variables used in the analysis are real Gross Domestic Product (GDP), real military spending, and real bank credit to the private sector. As for the methodology, time series techniques are used and these include stationarity tests, co-integration and the long run relationship. Findings -The impact of military spending on real economic growth is negative. The impact of bank credit to the private sector, on the other hand, is positive and significant. In addition, the results indicate that that bank credit to the private sector reflects increasing importance in explaining the variability in real economic growth over time. Conclusion -The fact that military spending is relatively high, and its impact on growth is negative, policy makers might be tempted to shift financial resources from this sector to other such as health and education. However, such a decision would not be easy given the fact that Jordan is located in a politically and security unstable environment. After all, military spending the lack of security can be a major impediment to growth and development.

Purpose -COVID-19 is a human and economic tragedy. It has become obvious that the virus pressed hard public finances all over the world. However, countries with relatively limited fiscal space face will experience more pressure. Within this context, this paper has two objectives. First, to outline the status of public finance in Jordan, and in particular, the weight that foreign grants carry in public revenues. Second, to examine the impact of foreign grants on the tax effort in Jordan. In other words, the objective is to examine whether or not public finance in Jordan suffers from the "aid curse". Methodology -The period 1984 -2019 forms the data for the statistical analysis. In addition, and to examine the impact of foreign aid on tax effort, the paper uses time series analysis techniques including stationarity tests, optimal lag length criteria, co-integration, long-run relationship, and variance decomposition analysis. Findings -Based on the empirical results, Jordan does suffer from the curse of aid. Grants do have a negative and significant impact of tax revenues (tax effort). Conclusion -Relevant stakeholders in Jordan should use COVID-19 as a "trigger" point for change in the country's fiscal mobilization process. This is the only way to reduce the growing public debt, and reduce the country's reliance on foreign grants.

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