Objectives: To determine the impact of maternal education on incidence of breast feeding, duration and infant complementary feeding practices. Methodology: A Cross sectional study done in Department of Paediatric medicine, University of Lahore Teaching Hospital ,Lahore from October 2020 to March 2021. Non probability consecutive sampling technique, total 198 mothers having child 6 to 12 months were enrolled in study after approval of hospital ethical committee and informed consent from mother. Data was entered and analyzed using SPPS 22. Results: Breast feeding was adopted by 62.8% mothers. Mean duration of breast feeding was 8.52±3.1 months. Regarding initiation of breast feeding 35.1% started immediately after delivery. Regarding introduction of solid feed 27.3% started before 6 months of age. Pre lacteal was given in 35.5% infants. There was no impact of maternal education on frequency of breast feeding, p-value 0.328 but duration of breast-feeding was longer in mother having graduation as compared to mothers having education less than matric i.e. 8.77±2.977 months vs 7.82±3.384 months. Conclusion: Mothers with higher education have greater duration of breast-feeding ad compared to mother with less education.

Aim: To determine the impact of maternal age and parity on incidence of exclusive breast feeding practices in infants. Study Design: Cross sectional study Place and duration of study: Department of Pediatric medicine, University of Lahore Teaching Hospital Lahore from December 2020 till May 2021 Methodology: A Total of 231 mothers who were having children up till 1 year of age were registered for the study after ethical clearance. Verbal consent was taken from the mothers. Demographic details of the study population were recorded. The study population was interviewed with the help of predesigned questionnaire which included maternal age, parity and feeding practices. Confidentiality of data was ensured. All data was entered and analyzed using SPSS 23. Quantitative variables are presented as mean and standard deviation. Results: The study participants were between age range of 19 years to 37 years. Out of 231 mothers 145(62.8%) breastfed their babies of which 96(41.6%) were exclusively breastfeeding and 49 were either giving formula milk 28(4.8%) or fresh milk 11(4.8%). In addition, 86(37.2%) did not breastfed at all. There was no statistical difference in pattern of breast feeding with maternal age and parity, p-value more than 0.05 Conclusion: Importance of breastfeeding should be emphasized in antenatal and postnatal visits to mothers regardless of their age and parity Keywords: Breastfeeding, Maternal age, Parity

Objective: To compare the frequency of complications (hyperthermia, skin eruption, dehydration) of LED phototherapy and fluorescent phototherapy in management of indirect hyperbilirubinemia in neonates Material and methods: This randomized control study was carried out from 1st June 2015 to 31 December 2016 at NNU of The Children`s Hospital Lahore using Non probability consecutive sampling technique after getting informed consent from parents. All basic demographic information of each variable (name, age) was noted and entered on Performa. SPSS-18 was used to interpret the data. Results: In our study the mean age was 1.98±0.83 days. Skin rash complication was observed in 43(13%) cases, dehydration was found in 48(14.5%) cases and hyperthermia was noted in 65(19.70%) patients. Practical Implication: Many setups in Pakistan are still using conventional fluorescent phototherapy machines. LED has lesser side effects as compared to conventional one so by using LED light source we can lessen the adverse effects of phototherapy that will be beneficial to the babies Conclusion: LED light source is effective for phototherapy with significantly lesser complication rate (hyperthermia, skin eruption, and dehydration) compared to fluorescent phototherapy in management of indirect hyperbilirubinemia in neonates. In this study LED phototherapy significantly showed fewer complications as compared to fluorescent phototherapy cases. Keywords: LED, Fluorescent, Hyperthermia, Skin, Rash, Dehydration, Neonates, Hyperbilirubinemia

Objectives: To compare medical student’s knowledge about breast feeding practices at the induction and exit from medical college. Study design: Comparative study Place and duration of study: Department of Pediatrics, University College of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Lahore. Study was conducted from January 2019 to December 2019. Material and method: Total 200 students were enrolled, 100 from first year and 100 from final year class. Ethical approval was taken from ethical review committee data was collected on hand filled questionnaire. Results: There were 39.5% males and 60.5% female students. The ANOVA test of the variance was applied to compare the knowledge of first year and final year students. Final year students have a good knowledge regarding timing of initiation and pattern of breastfeeding whereas knowledge regarding advice of pre-lacteal, continuation of breastfeeding up to 6 months and frequency of complementary feeding for initial days was lacking in both first year and final year MBBS students. Conclusion: This study concludes that our curriculum has incorporated adequate knowledge regarding benefits of breast feeding, but the students lack practical knowledge and skills of counseling the parents about avoiding pre-lacteal feeds and promoting complementary feeding, that is also essential for child growth and development. Keywords: Medical college, Curriculum, Exclusive Breast feeding (EBF), complementary feeding.