Aims The aim of this study was to assess an adapted version of the X-PERT® Programme for Type 2 diabetes within a Bangladeshi population.Methods Bangladeshi adults, living in the UK, with Type 2 diabetes participated in a diabetes educational session based on an adapted version of the X-PERT® Programme. Participants attended a session, led by a trained peer educator and carried out in Sylheti. All participants who registered on the course were telephoned or visited in person the day before the course as a reminder.Results Registration to attend the course was excellent. However, actual attendance rates were 58% (42/72) out of those registered. Once participants attended, overall they enjoyed attending the sessions and felt they benefited as they understood more about how to better self-manage their condition. Those aspects of the sessions that were most enjoyed were group discussions and interactive posters to explain diabetes. Participants requested a home-based exercise guide, which was developed by the research team. The study was underpowered to show behaviour change, but did demonstrate a trend to improvement in self-care activities. All participants reported recommending the course to others. ConclusionsThere was an excellent response in terms of registration for the course. However, the time to attend the course appeared to be a barrier to participants. Nevertheless, for those attending the course, responses were very positive. The amended X-PERT® Programme could be used as a component of a package to improve outcome and self-management for people with diabetes in the Bangladeshi community.Diabet. Med. 26, 40-44 (2009)

BackgroundThe incidence of Type 2 diabetes is increasing worldwide and diabetes is four times more common among ethnic minority groups than among the general Caucasian population. This study reflects on the specific issues of engaging people and evaluating interventions through written questionnaires within older ethnic minority groups.MethodsThe original protocol set out to evaluate an adapted version of the X-PERT® patient program using questionnaires and interviews.ResultsQuestionnaires, even verbally completed, were unsuccessful and difficult to administer as participants found the questionnaire structure and design difficult to follow and did not perceive any benefit to completing the questionnaires. The benefits of attending the course were also poorly understood by participants and in many cases people participated in coming to the course as a favour to the researcher. Engaging participants required word of mouth and the involvement of active members of the community.ConclusionPeer led courses and their evaluation in older ethnic minority communities needs a very different approach for that in younger Caucasian patients. A structured approached to evaluation (favoured by western educational system) is inappropriate. Engaging participants is difficult and the employment of local well known people is essential.

Foreign Body Aspiration is a potential complication in dental practice. The aspiration of a tooth or its fragments represents a serious medical situation because it can rapidly block the airways partially or completely. The edges of the tooth may traumatize the lining of respiratory mucosa. Many dental materials and instruments are of small size, and when exposed to saliva with limited opening of oral cavity it becomes all the more difficult to manipulate them correctly. When the patient is placed in the supine or semi-raised position, such objects might be swallowed or aspirated into the oropharynx. Foreign Body Aspiration episodes have the potential to result in acute medical and life-threatening emergencies. Prevention is clearly the best approach however when such cases and situation are presented rapid intervention is essential for ensuring patient safety. This review article highlights the protocol of management of Foreign Body Aspirations in Dental Clinics.

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