Background: Adequate sports activity improves health and physical development by increasing muscle strength, alertness, sensory development, muscle coordination, speed, strength, and stamina. Many researches show that sports activity reduces reaction time, which is a reliable indicator of rate of processing of sensory stimuli by central nervous system. So the present study is undertaken to evaluate effect of playing badminton on reaction time. Aims & Objective: To compare visual reaction times of badminton players with those of age-matched controls. Materials and Methods:We estimated the visual reaction times of 50 male badminton players of 18-22 years age group who were practicing badminton for 2-3 h/day for a minimum of 2 years. The visual reactions were compared with those of 50 age-matched healthy male students of Dr SCGMC Nanded (Maharashtra, India) who formed the control group. Results: Visual reaction time of dominant as well as non-dominant limb of badminton players was significantly less than that of the control group who were not practicing any sports activity.

The purpose of this study was to determine student perceptions of the methods used to teach pharmacology via problem-based learning (PBL

Background:Reaction time, which is a reliable indicator of attention and fine motor skills, was found to be slowed in diabetes mellitus. It is often overlooked and underestimated element in medical fitness test for professionals highly dependent on motor skills, such as drivers, pilots, and doctors. Many of them may be diabetic. Limited reports are available from India on the effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus on reaction time. Thus, this study was undertaken to determine the effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus on reaction time. Aims & Objective: To compare audiovisual reaction time of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus to that of normal subjects. Materials and Methods:We measured audiovisual reaction times of 50 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and compared them with those of 50 healthy, age-matched subjects that formed control group. Results: Audiovisual reaction times of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were significantly higher as compared to those of normal subjects (control group). Conclusion: Audiovisual reaction time may prove a simple and valuable method for assessing severity of neurological derangement and effectiveness of treatment in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background: Thrombocytopenia is a frequent hematological complication of human immunodeficiency virus infection which can occur at any stage of HIV infection. The various cytopenias correlate directly with the degree of immunosuppression. However, isolated thrombocytopenia, may be the initial presentation of HIV infection. Incidence of thrombocytopenia is around 10% -40% and in some patient only thrombocytopenia may be the first sign of HIV infection or AIDS. Since few studies are available from Asian countries we decide to study thrombocytopenia in HIV infection or AIDS from India. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted at a teaching hospital in India after obtaining ethical permission from the institute. Subjects were recruited after taking written informed consent. Two hundred subjects of both sex and in the age group 18-60 years were recruited for study. Blood samples were collected and analysed on same day within two hours. Platelet count of < 1.5 lakh/mm 3 was defined as thrombocytopenia. Data analysis was carried out using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 16.0. p value < 0.05 considered as significant and p value > 0.05 non-significant. Results: The mean platelet count was 2.06935lakh/ mm 3 and highest and lowest platelet count were 4.1lakh/mm 3 and 0.63lakh/mm 3 respectively. Out of two hundred, 8.5% subjects had thrombocytopenia. Females had a slightly higher prevalence as compared to males but it was not statistically significant (p=0.22). Likewise more of younger age group patients had thrombocytopenia. No significant relation was found between platelet count and ART status (p=0.773). Conclusion: Thrombocytopenia is a common finding in HIV infection. Peripheral destruction of platelets and ineffective platelet production leads to thrombocytopenia among HIV patients. ART improves platelet count and must be started as soon as possible.

Today we live in the age of globalization, as the world came at calling distance the need for the common communication system has aroused which is understood and well accepted by the global community. As nation we also have understood and accepted the importance of common communication system to have firm footing in the global scenario. With some exception English language has acquired the status of global language, which is spoken, written, understood and used by many world countries including India. In India English has become pre-requisite and facilitating factor in communication, education, vocation and business careers. But still in India we speak and use diverse languages, that’s why Indian scenario is quite different from that of world. On the basis of English language Indian population can be divided in to two main groups. First group includes people who are very good at all aspects of English language like reading, writing, speaking and understanding it. They are mostly urban, middle or high class people, having easy access to good education and they use it to their advantage. Remaining population is mostly rural, lower income group and depends on public schools for their education. Mostly these people know only their native language and communicate in it only. Being second language and started at later age, English learning creates anxiety in students of this population, associated with productive skills like speaking and writing or receptive skills like reading and listening. English anxiety is a feeling of uneasiness, worry, nervousness, apprehension, or fear while learning or using English. Children in this population study English as second language at High School level in almost all schools; except English all other subjects are taught to them in their native language. The effects of this anxiety are more evident in the classroom and strongly indicate the Academic performance of the student. Anxiety is found to have a detrimental effect on student’s confidence, Self-esteem and level of participation. Anxious students employ avoidance strategies like falling sick frequently, not paying attention in classroom and skipping classes. They do well in other subjects but not in English, which lowers their self esteem; as result they develop negative attitude toward English language, and show less interest in this subject. Anxious students also forget previously learned material, volunteer answers less frequently and have a greater tendency to remain passive in classroom activities.