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The aim of this study is to investigate the histopathological changes induced by the anti-tuberculosis durg (rifampicin) in the tissues of the kidneys and liver of white male mice of Mus Musculus. 25 mice were distributed into five groups that included a control group, a therapeutic dose group of 1.25 mg, and a toxic dose group of 2.5 mg. The semi-lethal LD dose group was 150 mg, and the lethal LD dose group was 240 mg. The results also showed behavioral changes for the treated animals, the intensity of which increased with the increase in concentrations, and the total of these changes was represented by eating less food and drinking water, lack of movement, diarrhea, rapid breathing, and red-orange urine, and these symptoms were more severe in the fatal group and ended with the animal's death. In the kidneys, the tissue lesions were represented by the occurrence of necrosis in the cells of the urinary tubules in some areas, the infiltration inflammatory cells clearly, the degeneration of some cells of the urinary tubules, and the swelling of a part of the cells, which led to a narrowing in the lumen of the urinary tubules. The nuclei are necrotic and disintegrated. The glomerulus was some areas enlarged and some areas atrophic. Also, fibrosis of the kidney tissue was observed, which increases with increasing dose. In the liver, it was represented by the occurrence of necrosis, hemorrhage and congestion, infiltration inflammatory cell thickening of the plasma membrane, widening of the sinusoids some areas and narrowing them at other areas the onset of fibrosis, kuffper cells. Conclusion: The administration of rifampicin led to pathological changes in the kidneys, represented by necrosis, glomerulosclerosis and fibrosis, as well as pathological changes in the liver represented by rupture of the vessel wall, nuclei enlargement and hemorrhage.

At the moment diabetes has become an epidemic disease and according to recent statistics 400 million people have diabetes in the world and it is mainly associated with developing countries, Among the huge and heterogeneous numbers type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is the most prevalent, according to the Global Burden of Diseases study for the year (2016) it was found that T2DM and its complications were responsible for increasing the percentage of disability by 22% in the last ten years.  This has greatly affected public health. For this reason, there was a need to make a questionnaire on the knowledge of people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) of the importance of herbs in reducing blood sugar levels, and the research included 142 samples (individuals) who were asked questions in the form of an electronic questionnaire (google form) through social networking sites (Facebook, WhatsApp, Telegram, Messenger and others) and the questionnaire included questions about diet, symptoms and concomitant diseases in addition to whether the patient is taking drugs that lower the level of sugar in the blood as well as about the use of herbs by the patient and what they are These herbs and how much they amount per day, the average amount of herbs used by the patient was one cup, and the most important herbs used were turmeric and learners and led to a decrease in the level of sugar in the blood of the patient who used them. We conclude from this research that type II diabetes is most of its symptoms are frequent urination, thirst, slenderness, limb pain, in addition to limb neuropathy, while the diseases associated with this disease are high blood pressure, heart failure, kidney failure, visual impairment or blurred vision and other diseases.

Hypericum perforatum, which is known as St. John’s wort (SJW), is a leafy herb that grows in the open areas of the temperate regions throughout the world. Recent research suggests the effectiveness of this plant in treating some diseases, such as cancer, bacterial and viral diseases, and some inflammation-related disorders, and as a neuroprotective agent and an antioxidant. The current study aimed to investigate the Impact of water and alcoholic plant extracts of H. perforatum on histological and some physiological features in the liver of albino rats. 21 male rats were used in the current study. They were divided into groups; each group contains 7 members of animals. The animals were raised a month ago in the animal house before conducting the study to ensure their suitability to the environment of the animal house. Before the start of the study, an appropriate amount of animal blood was obtained through the caudate vein of rats, in order to evaluate the variables of the physiological study before starting treatment with plant extracts. One of the groups (Group 1) was used as a standard control group, receiving only standard water and feed. The other group (Group 2) was treated with St. John's water extract at a concentration of 300 mg/kg/body weight, while the last group (Group 3) was treated with St. John's alcoholic plant extract at a concentration of 300 mg/kg/body weight. Aqueous and alcoholic plant extract were prepared for H. perforatum. Histological slides were prepared from the liver of each group of the study as well as, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were evaluated for the rates in each group. Histological examination shows the presence of necrosis in various stages and the presence of Foamy Cells and the occurrence of infiltration of a number of inflammatory cells within the tissue as well as the occurrence of congestion in the central vein and hemorrhage spread throughout the rest of the tissue. We also note the occurrence of necrosis and desquamation of the central vein lining and infiltration of some inflammatory cells in some areas. The effect of treatments on the aminotransferases (AST, ALT) enzymes and the ALP, where appeared as a significant increase of 0.05 in their concentration when comparing the concentrations of each groups before and after treatment with plant extracts. We can conclude that H. perforatum aqueous and alcoholic plant extract can causes mild damages on liver histological features that can be reflected on livers physiological states generally and on the ALT, AST and ALP enzymes specifically.

The purpose: This study was sought to determine the effect of ranitidine on the histological structure of liver and kidneys in the albino mice. The design: two groups of mice were administered Ranitidine 75mg/kg of and 150mg/kg respectively, we used (15) albino mice and administrated the doses orally for 10 consecutive 10 days. Finding : The results showed some structural effects on tissues of liver and kidneys group two showed (75mg/kg of b. w.) desquamation of the wall of central vein of the liver, necrosis , accumulation of fibroblast, hemorrhage and aggregation of Kupffer cells .the kidneys exhibited necrosis in some regions, hemorrhage and existence of cast in the tubules and it seems that ranitidine has caused dilation between glomerulus and bowman corpuscles. Group three (150mg/kg of b. w.) revealed more damage in the wall of the central vein of the liver, infiltration of focal inflammatory in the area caused hemorrhage ,expansion in sinusoid , accumulation of fibroblast and necrosis in the liver tissue. Kidneys were severely affected in comparison to group one, and showed an extended hemorrhage and ruptures in glomerulus with dilatation, hyperplasia cells in tubules and cast, form this study we conclude that ranitidine with a dose of 75mg/kg has mild effect on the liver and kidneys and medium effect with a dose of with a dose of 150 mg/kg. Originality/ value: the research is focus in histopathology effects of ranitidine on liver and kidneys