The wireless mesh network (WMN) is a future network technology that develops single-hop wireless local area networks (WLANs) into multi-hop wireless mesh networks, based on the IEEE 802.11s standard. However, this development still presents many challenges, such as determining the best route between sources and destinations, especially taking into account the use of the medium access control (MAC) and physical (PHY) layers of IEEE 802.11n/ac. Some papers have proposed rate adaptation algorithms particularly for single-hop networks; however, these only focused on mechanisms to find data rates suitable for channel conditions. In IEEE 802.11s WMNs, the design of the rate adaptation algorithm is more challenging. Besides considering the problem of channel quality and optimal throughput, it is necessary to also consider the problem of collision and the best route. It is important to take collision into account because the collision probability in multi-hop mesh networks is higher than that in single-hop networks and can lead to a lower throughput. Rate adaptation algorithms for IEEE 802.11s WMNs have been proposed in other papers, but they also do not consider the use of the MAC and PHY layers of IEEE 802.11n/ac. In this paper, we propose the collision-aware rate adaptation for optimal high-throughput (CARA-OHT) algorithm for WMN IEEE 802.11s. An evaluation through the extensive use of a network NS-3 simulator shows that the proposed algorithm exhibits a higher throughput than previously developed algorithms.

Menurut pasal 66 Qanun Aceh Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 tentang Hukum Jinayah (Qanun Jinayah) menerangkan apabila anak yang belum mencapai umur 18 (delapan belas) tahun melakukan atau diduga melakukan Jarimah, maka terhadap anak tersebut dilakukan pemeriksaan berpedoman kepada Peraturan perundang-undangan mengenai Peradilan Pidana Anak (Pasal 67 ayat (1) qanun nomor 6 tahun 2014). Hasil penelitian menunjukan kendala pelaksanaan pemidanaan anak sebagai pelaku jinayah yaitu karena Faktor perundang-undangan, Faktor Aparatur, Faktor sarana prasarana, Faktor Masyarakat, seperti belum adanya penyidik anak yang bersertifikasi, dan aturan proses pelaksanaan eksekusi terhadap Anak belum ada, sehingga Anak sebagai pelaku dalam Qanun Jinayat sama dengan proses penanganan perkara terhadap orang dewasa yang membedakan hanya mengenai pemidanaannya dan tata cara pelaksanaan 'Uqubat terhadap anak yang tidak diatur dalam peraturan perundang-undangan mengenai sistem peradilan anak diatur dalam Peraturan Gubernur sehingga menjadi kendala tersendiri dalam penyelesaian perkara anak yang melakukan tindak pidana yang diatur dalam Qanun. Disarankan agar Pemerintah Aceh segera membentuk dan mengundangkan Peraturan Gubernur sebagai aturan pelaksana dalam pelaksanaan eksekusi terhadap Anak yang melakukan pidana sebagaimana diatur dalam Qanun Aceh Nomor 6 tahun 2004 Tentang Hukum Jinayat. Dan diharapkan pula hakim sebagai pemutus perkara mampu memberikan rasa keadilan bagi masyarakat.Acoording to Article 66 of Qanun Aceh Number 6, 2014 regarding Islamic Criminal Law states that if a child under the age of 18 (eighteen) years committing a crime or allegedly committing Islamic criminal law, then the child shall be subjected to a Juvenile Justice statutes, Article 67 Paragraph (1) Qanun Number 6, 2014. The research shows that a child as a perpetrator in Qanun Jinayat is similar to the trial process of the cases against adults but in terms of punishments and the procedure of implementing punishments on the procedure of implementation of punishment for children as the perpetrators of criminal acts regulated in Qanun becomes its own constraint in settling the case of juvenile committing crime in Qanun. It is recommended that The Government of Aceh should immediately establish and enact the Governor Regulation as the implementing rule in executing the execution process of the youth offenders as stipulated in Qanun Aceh Number 6, 2004 on Islamic Criminal Law committed by a child by not ignoring the principles of child protection as a child and a victim. For law enforcement officers including judges are expected to have legal psychological knowledge that can sustain deep analysis and legal considerations in imprisonment or custody. And it is also expected that a judge as a decision maker might provide a sense of justice for the community.