COVID-19 put approximately all countries on lockdown. Libraries, whether they are public or private, also face closure. Through these closings, libraries remain to deliver facilities to their people in this perplexing period. So, this chapter discussed the challenges that libraries faced during this global health crisis and also discussed the possible applications that are helpful in these challenges. Data will be primary data used for empirical investigations and collected from public libraries of Pakistan. The chapter gives the empirical results or finding on the challenges (libraries closure, social distancing, handling material, and lack of research) and helpful applications like digital service, delivery services, exerted personnel, and online article requests for libraries. This chapter suggested applying quarantine strategies on returned books policy and implementing plans to offer remote services for example e-lending, e-learning, or support to remote teaching.

The Fourth Industrial Revolution is being implemented as technological revolution in every field of life. FIR has not only impacted the employees' behavior, well-being, and future of work but also brought a disruptive innovation everywhere. This chapter is beneficial for the reason that Fourth Industrial Revolution has affected the behavior of employees tremendously. With many opportunities from the fourth industrial revolution, rapid change, and excessive use of technology has stressed the employees. Digital transformation or era of digitalization has changed the future of work by automating the work performed by the human resource manually in the past. Automation of work is decreasing the labor requirement. Pressure of being unemployed and new skills learning after new technological change made employees' toxic. Fear of being unemployed and stress of earning new technologies has decreased the well-being of employees. This Fourth Industrial Revolution also has positive impact on the work and family life satisfaction by providing them the opportunities of remote and gig working.

In the modern societies, an increasing number of women are providing their services in different sectors of the economy such as business and industry, entrepreneurship, and more specifically in health and education sectors. Women are also serving their remarkable contributions as leader as men do. This study investigates the potentially competitive relationship between women and their leadership competencies and the challenges that women face during their professional responsibilities especially in case of any global disaster like pandemic COVID-19. Where the global crisis of the COVID-19 pandemic has greatly affected all fields of life at the same time, it has wide-ranging impact on the higher educational sector in South Asia, specifically in Pakistan. Due to the pandemic, all governments have either had to close HEIs or have transited their system to virtual learning. Countries like India, Pakistan, and Afghanistan realized that they are ill prepared for remote classes and online learning. In COVID-19, they need to manage HEIs effectively for the continuity of academic and research work.