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Over the last decade, important advances have been made to support the fact that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated and play a harmful role during the acute and late stages of cerebral ischemia. Several drugs, such as radical scavengers and antioxidants, have been evaluated in preclinical and clinical studies. Edaravone (3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one; Radicut R , Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation) is a novel antioxidant that is currently used in Japan for the treatment of patients in the acute stage of cerebral infarction. Edaravone scavenges ROS and inhibits proinflammatory responses after brain ischemia in animals and humans. In particular, postischemic inflammation, leading to brain edema and infarction due to neuronal damage and endothelial cell death, can be ameliorated by edaravone. In addition to these antistroke effects, edaravone has also been shown to prevent oxidative damage to various extracerebral organs. Therefore, in addition to its usefulness in the treatment of stroke, edaravone is expected to play an integral role in the treatment of many oxidative stress-related diseases.

The Milan criteria should be used to recommend hepatectomy for patients with HCC; however, it is important to consider the high recurrence rate after hepatectomy and the possible requirement of salvage transplantation.

This is the first report showing that co-expression of mesothelin and CA125 were in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, and such co-expression is associated with a poor prognosis. Our finding suggests that co-expression of these two factors plays a significant role in the acquisition of aggressive clinical behavior.

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