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In the past decades, medical image technologies have been rapidly growing. The x-rays, ultrasound (US), MRI scan, and CT scan are the pulmonary techniques to examine human diseases, and CT techniques have more resolution images than other techniques. HRCT is another advanced technology derived from the CT family and working in 3D to capture the images. High-resolution computed tomography techniques are used to examine all humankind's problems like heart, brain, breast, lung, kidney, etc. The diagnosis accuracy depends on expert doctors, radiologists, or pathologists, and wrong judgment leads to wrong treatment or diagnosis. To overcome this, a computer-based technology is introduced instead of manual operation because of its higher efficiency, accuracy, and achieved by transfer learning methods.

Purpose A wireless body area network (WBAN) plays a crucial role in the health-care domain. With the emergence of technologies like the internet of things, there is increased usage of WBAN for providing quality health services. With wearable devices and sensors associated with human body, patient’s vital signs are captured and sent to doctor. The WBAN has number of sensor nodes that are resource constrained. The communications among the nodes are very crucial as human health information is exchanged. The purpose of this paper aims to have Quality of Service (QoS) with energy aware and control overhead aware. Maximizing network lifetime is also essential for the improved quality in services. There are many existing studies on QoS communications in WBAN. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, with the aim of energy-efficient WBAN for QoS, a cross-layer routing protocol is designed and implemented. A cross-layer routing protocol that is ad hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV)-based, energy and control overhead-aware (AODV-ECOA) is designed and implemented for energy-efficient routing in WBAN. The cross-layer design that involves multiple layers of open systems interconnection reference model, which will improve energy efficiency and thus QoS. Findings Implementation is simulated using the network simulator tool, i.e. NS-2. The proposed cross-layer routing protocol AODV-ECOA shows least bandwidth requirement by control packets, leading to less control overhead, highest packet delivery ratio and energy efficiency. The experimental results revealed that AODV-ECOA shows better performance over existing protocols such as AODV and POLITIC. Originality/value An efficient control overhead reduction algorithm is proposed for reducing energy consumption further and improves performance of WBAN communications to realize desired QoS.

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