Keywords Mastitis · Granulomatous mastitis, idiopathic · TreatmentSummary Background: Granulomatous mastitis is a benign recurrent disease. Accurate diagnosis is only by histopathology. Patients and Methods: 31 cases with histological diagnosis were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Mean follow-up was 42.4 months for recurrent and 27.8 months for non-recurrent cases. Etiology was tuberculosis in 1 case. 5 cases (16%) relapsed. 6 patients (19.3%) treated with abscess drainage healed completely, but 50% relapsed. Relapses were treated with excision or steroids. Steroid therapy was the initial treatment in 12 cases (38.7%), with 1 relapse (8.3%) which was treated in the same manner. 2 patients had incomplete response necessitating excision, and another 2 developed abscesses which were treated with steroids or excision after drainage. Surgical excision was preferred in 12 cases (38.7%) due to suspicion for carcinoma in 8 patients (25.8%) and/or low probability of poor cosmetic outcome. All healed without complication, and recurrence was observed in 1 case (8.3%) which was treated with re-excision. Conclusion: Both excision and steroid therapy had low and similar relapse rates, but excision was superior to steroid therapy in providing strict diagnosis with much faster healing and fewer complications. In refractory cases, and when deformity is inevitable, steroid therapy should be preferred.

Duodenal duplication, a rare congenital malformation, can also be observed in adulthood. Although it can be cystic or tubular, communicating or noncommunicating, cystic and non-communicating forms are the most common. Several complications, such as obstruction, bleeding, perforation and pancreatitis, may result. Optimal treatment is total excision, although endoscopic procedures have also been described in appropriate cases. If total excision is not possible, subtotal excision and internal derivation can be performed. The 38-year-old woman presented here had occasional attacks of abdominal pain and obstruction, and we considered the diagnosis of duodenal duplication by abdominal computerized tomography. As we confirmed the diagnosis with operative findings and histopathological signs, we treated her with subtotal excision and intraduodenal cystoduodenostomy.

Early diagnosis and successful surgical planning require experience and clinical suspicion on the part of the surgeon, as well as meticulous laparotomy results.

Objective: To detect the relationship between molecular subtypes of breast cancer with expressions of androgen receptor, cytokeratin 5/6 (CK5/6)and Ki-67. Materials and Methods:Expressions of androgen receptor, CK-5/6 and Ki-67 were determined by immunohistochemistry in paraffin-embedded sections obtained from 86 invasive breast cancer cases of stages I/IIa/IIb in 4 molecular subtypes. Patients treated for recurrent disease and locally advanced disease were excluded. Results:Forty one luminal A cases, ie. positive estrogen receptor(ER) and/or progesteron receptor (PR) with negative epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2), 14 luminal B, ie. positive ER and/or PR and positive HER2, 14 HER2-enriched (HER2+), ie. negative ER and PR with positive HER2, and 17 triple negative (negative ER and PR and HER2) invasive breast cancers were included. Mean follow-up was 17.46±11.70 mo. Androgen receptor-negativity and CK5/6-positivity were significantly more common in HER2+ and triple negative groups. Ki-67 and histological grade were higher in HER2+ group, significantly. Two deaths were triple negative (P=0.04). Androgen receptor-negativity, CK5/6 and Ki-67 status did not affect survival or systemic metastases, significantly. All groups had local recurrences. Local recurrence was significantly associated with androgen receptor-negativity in luminal A and high Ki-67 value in HER2+ groups. Systemic metastases were significantly more common in triple negative and HER2+ groups.Conclusion: Molecular subtypes of breast cancer are prognostic and predictive. Androgen receptor is expressed more commonly in luminal subtypes with better prognosis and androgen receptor negativity is associated with development of local recurrence in luminal A cancers.

Anastomotic dehiscence is a serious complication of colorectal surgery that causes death in up to 40% of cases in which it occurs. Edema and inflammation due to abdominal sepsis can prevent the use of standard management (i.e., colostomy, ileostomy or Hartmann's procedure), in which case alternative salvage repair methods are required. The present report describes the treatment of a 73-year-old female patient at high risk of mortality because of intraabdominal sepsis due to suture dehiscence following a right hemicolectomy and ileo-transversostomy. Several surgical repair procedures were tried, but all failed. We then used an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) graft in salvage repair, and this approach proved successful. This is the first report to describe clinical, macroscopic and histopathological findings, following use of an ePTFE graft in colorectal repair in humans.