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C omplications related to gallstones are not rare in daily medical practice, which are acute cholecystitis, pancreatitis, choledocolithiasis and gallstone ileus. Gallstone ileus is obstruction of the gastrointestinal system that arises from gallstones and occurs only approximately 0.3-0.5% of the patients having gallstones. [1] Obstruction usually occurs in the terminal ileum and ileocecal valve (70%), rarely occurs in proximal ileum or jejunum (20-40%). [2] Gastric outlet obstruction that arises from gallstones impacted in the distal stomach or proximal duodenum after passing through a cholecystoduodenal, cholecystogastric or rarely choledocoduodenal fistula is called as Bouveret's syndrome (BS). The first two cases were described for the first time in 1896 by a Parisian surgeon, Leon Bouveret. [3] This rare complication is observed only 1-3% of patients having gallstone ileus and more frequent in patients with advanced age and comorbid diseases. [4] It is mostly presented as single case reports; the largest case series in the literature only consist of six cases. [5] Because of the rarity of this disease, no standardized diagnostic or therapeutic technique is described, including endoscopic techniques or surgical approaches (open or laparoscopic). In this paper, a case of BS was presented. The authors also aimed to review the diagnosis, management and treatment of this rare disease and to update the previous reviews. The patient's written consent was obtained in this paper.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the incidence of varicose veins among patients with hemorrhoidal disease and to compare its incidence reported in various community-based studies. Discussion Lower extremity chronic venous insufficiency is more common in patients with hemorrhoidal disease which increases intra-abdominal pressure. A chronic increase in this pressure causes conditions, such as constipation, which trigger both lower extremity chronic venous insufficiency and hemorrhoidal disease.