Polygonum minus (Polygonaceae), generally known as ‘kesum’ in Malaysia is among the most commonly used food additive, flavoring agent and traditionally used to treat stomach and body aches. Raw or cooked leaves of P. minus are used in digestive disorders in the form of a decoction and the oil is used for dandruff. The pharmacological studies on P. minus have demonstrated antioxidant, in vitro LDL oxidation inhibition, antiulcer activity, analgesic activity, anti-inflammatory activity, in vitro antiplatelet aggregation activity, antimicrobial activity, digestive enhancing property and cytotoxic activity. The spectroscopic studies of essential oil of P. minus showed the presence of about 69 compounds, which are responsible for the aroma. The phytochemical studies showed presence of flavonoids and essential oils. This review is an effort to update the botanical, phytochemical, pharmacological and toxicological data of the plant P. minus.

No abstract

The asymmetric unit of the title polymeric complex, {[Sn2=(C6H5)6(C3H2O4)(H2O)]·C3H6O}n, comprises of two Sn cations, one malonate anion and a non-coordinating acetone solvent mol­ecule. Both crystallographically independent Sn cations are five-coordinated by two O and three C atoms in a distorted trigonal-bipyrimidal geometry. One of the Sn cations is bridged by the malonate units, affording polymeric chains which run along [001]. Weak intra­molecular C—H⋯π inter­actions stabilize the mol­ecular structure. In the crystal structure, adjacent chains are inter­connected by inter­molecular O—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds into a three-dimensional supra­molecular structure. A weak inter­molecular C—H⋯π inter­action is also observed.

Objective:To investigate the antihyperlipidemic, antioxidant, and cytotoxic effect of aqueous and methanol extract of leaves of Polygonum minus.Materials and Methods:Acute antihyperlipidemic effect was studied on chemically induced hyperlipidemic rat model. Treated groups received aqueous and methanol extract of leaves of P. minus respectively (1000 mg/kg; oral) whereas standard treated group received atorvastatin (60 mg/kg; oral) for 3 consecutive days. Blood samples were collected at fixed intervals for lipid profile analysis. Antioxidant effects were studied using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, 2,2-azinobis 3-ethylbenzothiazoline 6-sulfonate, and ferric reducing antioxidant power assays. The total flavonoids content and total phenolic contents were also estimated. Cytotoxicity of both extracts was studied on one normal and three cancer cell lines using 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT) assay method.Results:The methanol extract showed significant reduction in total cholesterol (P < 0.001), triglycerides (P < 0.01), LDL (P < 0.05), VLDL (P < 0.01), atherogenic index (P < 0.001), and elevation of HDL (P < 0.05) levels than the aqueous extract. Similarly, the antioxidant investigations also demonstrated that the methanol extract had higher antioxidant capacity than aqueous extract. Both extracts were not toxic to normal (EA.hy926) as well as to cancer (HCT116, HT29, and HeLa) cells. Significant correlation was demonstrated between total phenolic and total flavonoids contents with the antioxidant activity but not with the antihyperlipidemic effect, suggesting other groups of chemical constituents may be mainly responsible for the antihyperlipidemic effect of this plant.Conclusion:The study demonstrated that the presence and extent of bioactivities are influenced by solvents used for extraction. This study confirmed the antihyperlipidemic effect of leaves of P. minus in acute hyperlipidemic rat model.SUMMARY Polygonum minus is an herbaceous flowering plant.This plant possess high amount of phenolics and flavonoidsThis study focused on the antioxidant, cytotoxicity and antihyperlipidemic effect of aqueous and methanol extracts of leaves of P. minusThe extracts possess significant antioxidant activity and antihyperlipidemic activity but they are not toxic to normal and cancer cells tested.The antioxidant activity is well correlated with phenolic and flavonoids contents but the antihyperlipidemic activity is not correlated with antioxidant effect. Abbreviations used: CVDs: Cardiovascular diseases, LDL: Low-density lipoprotein, DDPH: 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical, TPTZ: 2,4,6,-tris(1-pyridyl)-5-triazine, ABTS: 2,2’-Azino-di-[3-ethylbenzthiazoline Sulfonate], HDL: High-density lipoprotein, VLDL: Very low-density lipoprotein, TC: Total cholesterol, TG: Triglycerides, EC50: Half maximal effective concentration, LD50: Median lethal dose.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease related to ageing. Cholinesterases are a family of enzymes that catalyse the hydrolysis of acetylcholine (ACh), which is an essential process in the cholinergic neurotransmission. Cholinesterases can be divided into two types, namely acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). This paper reports virtual screening and molecular docking of 200 compounds obtained from the ZINC database, using AutoDock Vina and AutoDock 4.2 to find potential AChE inhibitors. Only compounds that are compliant with Lipinski's rule of five for drug‐likeness properties were virtually screened to identify novel compounds that show similar or better interaction with the target protein compared to the coordinated ligand galantamine. The results showed that 6 compounds, namely ZINC10140364, ZINC08061148, ZINC34735322, ZINC05151975, ZINC33126088 and ZINC15805418, exhibited better free energy of binding (FEB) than galantamine, with AutoDock Vina scores of −9.88, −10.44, −10.30, −9.63, −8.35 and −9.42 kcal/mol and AutoDock scores of −12.3, −11.6, −11.0, −10.9, −10.5 and −9.3 kcal/mol, respectively. In conclusion, the results obtained suggest that the 6 compounds are potential AChE inhibitors suitable for further evaluation and development as potential agents for treatment.