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The process of adsorption is one of the physical method for separation of dissolved pollutants from the effluent. Activated carbon is the good adsorbent that can be used in both liquid and gaseous phase adsorption also used as catalyst or catalyst support. Adsorbent materials are porous and adsorption takes place on the inside walls of pore particles. From last few years, use of activated carbon has increased greatly. This review article purpose is to give the knowledge of how activated carbon uses came from historic days and also then how it is improving day by day. With this it gives the idea of production of activated carbon by different methods. The methods include physical activation and chemical activation. Adsorption capacity of activated carbon mainly depends on the structure of activated carbon.

A one‐pot synthesis of quinazolinone derivatives (IV) (10 examples) from anthranilic acid, primary aromatic amines and Vilsmeier reagent is developed.

Background Abhrak bhasma (AB) is widely used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM); however, no scientific study is reported till date on its efficacy and safety to prove it's pharmacological effects. Streptozotocin (STZ) is a gulcosamine–nitrosourea complex produced by Streptomyces achromogenes , which particularly induces DNA strand breakage in pancreatic β-cells causing DM. The damage caused by STZ to pancreatic β-cells is coupled with insulin release in the initial stage, subsequently leading to hyperglycemia owing to insulin deficiency. Objective(s) In the present study, the safety and effectiveness of AB was evaluated by in vivo acute and sub-acute toxicity study and STZ-induced hyperglycemic activity in rats. Materials and methods Acute oral toxicity assessed as per OECD 425 guidelines by employing up-down procedure (UDP), sub-acute toxicity as per OECD-407 guidelines and anti-hyperglycemic activity using STZ method. The anti-hyperglycemic potential of AB in rats (40, 80, and 160 mg/kg body weight (b.w.)) was evaluated by determining the body weight, blood glucose, organ weight, lipid profile, and histo-morphological and histo-pathological investigations. Results The highest tolerated dose of AB was 2000 mg/kg b.w., and sub-acute toxicity of different AB doses showed no significant variation, when compared with the control. Interestingly, a noteworthy reduction in blood glucose, total cholesterol, and triglycerides levels were observed in AB-treated diabetic rats, along with a considerable increase in body weight, when compared with those noted in the disease control and normal control. Conclusion Effectiveness of AB as a potential safe and potent candidate for the treatment of diabetes was revealed as compared to the standard drug Metformin by STZ-induced method.

The holistic eternal healing science has achieved worldwide recognition because of remarkable efficiency in curing chronic and degenerative diseases with a few side effects. Bhasmas are Ayurvedic herbomineral formulation prepared from herbs, minerals and metals by calcinations process. Nano particles natures of bhasma make them unique and are wildly recommended to treat chronic diseases in most efficient ways. Nano particulate nature and chemical characterization of bhasma can be estimated by using analytical instruments like X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Atomic force microscope (AFM). In this review an attempt is made to gather the physical chemical and biological evaluation methods for bhasma and to develop a systematic approach for the quality control parameters of bhasma and thus make them more appreciable by the world.