ABSTRAKLatar Belakang. Jumlah wanita menopause di Indonesia saat ini sebanyak 7,4% dari total populasi, dan tahun 2020 jumlahnya diperkirakan mencapai 11,54%. Menopause diawali dengan premenopause, dimana pada masa ini terjadi penurunan hormon estrogen yang memunculkan sindrom premenopause yang dapat mengakibatkan stres pada wanita.Tujuan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui efektivitas media edukasi audio-visual dan booklet terhadap pengetahuan premenopause, efikasi diri dan tingkat stres pada wanita premenopause di Kota Bandung.Metode. Jenis penelitian adalah quasi experiment dengan pre-post test with control group design. Jumlah partisipan sebanyak 76 orang, terdiri dari 38 orang kelompok intervensi dan 38 orang kontrol.Hasil. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa pada kelompok intervensi rerata pengetahuan 6,09 poin lebih tinggi, rerata efikasi diri 3,05 poin lebih tinggi, dan rerata stres terjadi penurunan 1,23 poin dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol. Penggunaan audio-visual dan booklet sebagai media edukasi berhubungan dengan meningkatnya pengetahuan mengenai premenopause dan efikasi diri, serta efektif menurunkan stres wanita premenopause di Kota Bandung (p<0,05).Kesimpulan. Pemberian edukasi menggunakan media audio-visual dan booklet efektif dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan wanita premenopause tentang premenopause.ABSTRACTBackground. The number of menopausal women in Indonesia is currently 7.4% of the total population, and its number is estimated up to 11.54 % in 2020. The menopausal period is preceded by premenopausal phase in which the estrogen hormone is decreased, causing premenopausal syndromes that may lead to stres in women. Objective. This study was to assses the effectiveness of audio-visuals and booklets as educational medium on the knowledge about premenopause, self-efficacy and stres level of premenopausal women in Bandung.Method. Design of the study was quasi experiment using pre-post test with control group design. There were 76 participants, consisting of 38 participants in intervention group and 38 participants in control group.Results. This study found that the scores of knowledge was higher 6.09 points, self-efficacy was higher 3.05 point, and stres level was decrased by 1.23 point in the intervention group than in the control group. The use of audio-visual and booklet as educational medium was associated with increasing knowledge and self-efficacy as well as effective in reducing stres level in premenopausal women in Bandung City. Conclusion. Providing education through audiovisuals and booklets was effective in increasing knowledge of premenopausal women concerning premenopause.

Authority is always attached to a leader, including church leaders. However, the problem is that there are some leaders who abuse authority for their own interests. There are also other leaders who cannot use an authority in determining doctrinal and ethical matters. Therefore, this study aims to explain the authority of the disciples to bind and release the law in Matthew 16:19 and its implications for today's church leaders. This research method is qualitative with a hermeneutic approach based on a literature study. The results of the study show that the authority was given by God to expand His kingdom on earth so church leaders must use this gift for His glory and improve the quality of the congregation that God has entrusted to him.

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of the variable brand image, price and product quality partially and simultaneously on purchasing decisions for wardah lipstick products, in addition to knowing the most dominant variables in making wardah lipstick purchasing decisions. This research is a comparative causal research with a quantitative approach. . The variables in this study are brand image, price, product quality and purchasing decisions as the dependent variable. The population in the study were all sixth semester students at the Graha Karya Muara Bulian School of Economics, which amounted to 40 respondents. The results of the study indicate that the influence of brand image, price and product quality partially from each variable has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions while simultaneously all variables X1, X2 and X3 have a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions Lipstick wardah in sixth semester female students. Graha Karya Muara Bulian School of Economics. From the analysis results indicate that the Adjusted R Square value of 0.623 means that the variable brand image, price and product quality 62.3% affect the purchasing decision of Wardah lipstick and 37.7% is influenced by other variables not examined in this study.

Oviposition deterrent is chemical compounds which are used for avoiding eggs deposition. The oviposition deterrent resulted from eggs deposition is valuable information that can be manipulated for managing its population. The objective of this research was to determine the presence of oviposition deterrent resulted by female Bactrocera carambolae on mango. Extraction of oviposition deterrent was conducted by maceration method. The preference test was performed using two arms olfactometer, meanwhile the oviposition deterrent test was conducted by exposed gravid females to fruit that already smeared with extracts. The result revealed that gravid females of B. carambolae were attracted to methanol extract of 1 day after egg deposition, whereas the methanol extract of 3 and 5 days after egg deposition repelled gravid females. Oviposition deterrent test indicated that methanol extract at category 3 and 5 acted as a deterrent. The preference of gravid females of B. carambolae to different category of infested fruit extracts was probably influenced by the chemicals modification on mango after oviposition. This result suggested that the female B. carambolae do not deposit oviposition deterrent. The phenomenon of deterrence was probably as a result of chemical changes in fruit as a consequence of eggs infestation.

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan kondisi optimal dalam  pemisahan tanin dan HCN pada pengolahan tepung buah tancang (Bruguiera gymnorhiza)  sehingga dihasilkan tepung tancang yang aman digunakan untuk substitusi bahan baku industri pangan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan perlakuan pendahuluan yaitu diblansing dengan cara direndam dalam air panas suhu 95-100 0C dengan variabel waktu perendaman  5menit(mnt);  7,5 mnt; 10 mnt dan  15 mnt. Dari masing-masing  waktu blansing  dilanjutkan dengan pengupasan dan tanpa pengupasan (sebagai pembanding) serta perendaman dan tanpa perendaman (pembanding). Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan perendaman dalam air selama 2 hari. Kondisi  penghilangan tanin dan HCN yang optimal dilakukan pada blansing 7,5 menit dilanjutkan pengupasan dan perendaman;  dihasilkan pengujian  kadar tanin 287,43 mg/kg; HCN 8,05 mg/kg dan karbohidrat 79,57 %. Hasil  pengujian tanin, HCN, cemaran  logam dan cemaran mikroba, memenuhi persyaratan mutu tepung singkong sehingga aman untuk bahan makanan.