Abstract. This research aimed to assess the tsunami flow velocity and height reduction produced by a planned elevated road parallel to the coast of Banda Aceh, called the Banda Aceh Outer Ring Road (BORR). The road will transect several lagoons, settlements, and bare land around the coast of Banda Aceh. Beside its main function to reduce traffic congestion in the city, the BORR is also proposed to reduce the impacts of future tsunamis. The Cornell Multi-grid Coupled Tsunami Model (COMCOT) was used to simulate eight scenarios of the tsunami. One of them was based on the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. Two magnitudes of earthquake were used, that is, 8.5 and 9.15 Mw. Both the earthquakes were generated from the same source location as in the 2004 case, around the Andaman Sea. Land use data of the innermost layer of the simulation area were adopted based on the 2004 condition and the land use planning of the city for 2029. The results of this study reveal that the tsunami inundation area can be reduced by about 9 % by using the elevated road for the earthquake of magnitude 9.15 Mw and about 22 % for the earthquake of magnitude 8.5 Mw. Combined with the land use planning 2029, the elevated road could reduce the maximum flow velocities behind the road by about 72 %. Notably, the proposed land use for 2029 will not be sufficient to deliver any effects on the tsunami mitigation without the elevated road structures. We recommend the city to construct the elevated road as this could be part of the co-benefit structures for tsunami mitigation. The proposed BORR appears to deliver a significant reduction of impacts of the smaller intensity tsunamis compared to the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami.
Wave forces during the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami have caused morphological deformations of some coastal areas in Aceh, Indonesia. The sediment transport process during the tsunami wave propagation around near shore areas is a challenging numerical problem. To observe the coastal morphological changes after the Indian Ocean tsunami, this study numerically simulates the coastline changes, sedimentation and erosion areas, and seabed profiles changes around the Ulee Lheue Bay of Aceh, which was severely damaged by the tsunami. Two-dimensional horizontal areas were simulated by Cornell Multi-grid Coupled Tsunami (COMCOT) and Delft3D. Data of the nearshore area were collected from previous measurements acquired by the Indonesian Navy. According to the results, sediment in the sea area was deposited approximately 2.5[Formula: see text]km from the initial coastline, at the northern part of one small island occupying the Ulee Lheue Bay. This island reduced the energy of the tsunami waves during the backwash process, dumping a significant amount of eroded sediment near the coastline area.
Abstract. This research aimed to assess the tsunami flow velocity and height reduction produced by a planned elevated road spanned parallel to the coast of Banda Aceh called Banda Aceh Outer Ring Road (BORR). Cornell Multi-Grid Coupled Tsunami Model (COMCOT) was used to simulate eight scenarios of the tsunami. One of them was based on the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. Two magnitudes of earthquake were used, that is, 8.5 and 9.15 Mw. Both the earthquakes were generated from the same source location as in the 2004 case, around the Andaman Sea. Land use data of the innermost layer of the simulation area were adopted based on the 2004 condition and the land use planning of the city for 2029. The results of this study reveal that the tsunami flow depths and flow velocities can be reduced by about 9 % by using the elevated road for earthquake magnitude 9.15 Mw and about 22 % for earthquake magnitude 8.5 Mw. Combined with the land use planning 2029, the elevated road could reduce the maximum flow velocities behind the road by about 72 %. Notably, the proposed land use for 2029 will not be sufficient to deliver any effects on the tsunami mitigation without the elevated road structures. We recommend the city to construct the elevated road as this could be part of the co-benefit structures for tsunami mitigation. The proposed BORR appears to deliver significant reduction of impacts in the smaller intensity tsunamis compared to the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami.
Abstract. After more than a decade of recurring tsunamis, identification of tsunami deposits, a part of hazard characterization, still remains a challenging task not fully understood. The lack of sufficient monitoring equipment and rare tsunami frequency are among the primary obstacles that limit our fundamental understanding of sediment transport mechanisms during a tsunami. The use of numerical simulations to study tsunami-induced sediment transport was rare in Indonesia until the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. This study aims to couple two hydrodynamic numerical models in order to reproduce tsunami-induced sediment deposits, i.e., their locations and thicknesses. Numerical simulations were performed using the Cornell Multi-Grid Coupled Tsunami Model (COMCOT) and Delft3D. This study reconstructed tsunami wave propagation from its source using COMCOT, which was later combined with Delft3D to map the location of the tsunami deposits and calculate their thicknesses. Two Dimensional-Horizontal (2DH) models were used as part of both simulation packages. Lhoong, in the Aceh Besar District, located approximately 60 km southwest of Banda Aceh, was selected as the study area. Field data collected in 2015 and 2016 validated the forward modeling techniques adopted in this study. However, agreements between numerical simulations and field observations were more robust using data collected in 2005, i.e., just months after the tsunami (Jaffe et al., 2006). We conducted pit (trench) tests at select locations to obtain tsunami deposit thickness and grain size distributions. The resulting numerical simulations are useful when estimating the locations and the thicknesses of the tsunami deposits. The agreement between the field data and the numerical simulations is reasonable despite a trend that overestimates the field observations.
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