No abstract

The aim of this study is to evaluate problem-solving skills of female futsal teams that compete in the Futsal League of Turkish Universities Sports Federation in terms of some socio-demographic variables. In total, 144 students from female futsal teams of 10 universities competing in the Futsal League of Turkish Universities Sports Federation voluntarily took part in this study. In the study, "Problem-Solving Inventory" that was developed by Heppner & Petersen was used. With this inventory, such sub-dimensions of the participants as "reliance on problem-solving skill", "approach-avoidance" and "self-control" were analysed. In the statistical analysis of the obtained data during the research study, differences have been revealed by using one-way analysis of variance (One-Way ANOVA). And in the comparison of the averages of groups, Tukey HSD multiple comparison test was used. Research findings revealed that there are statistically significant differences between the points gained from the sub-dimensions of "reliance on problem-solving skill" and "approach-avoidance" with respect to the participants' sporting age and the attended school; "reliance on problem-solving skill" with regard to father's educational background; "approach-avoidance" with respect to income level (P<0.05). As a result, it is understood that such variables as sporting age, father's educational background, income level and the attended university have important effects on individuals, and it is seen that individual's level of solving problems increases as the sporting age increases. Within this scope, individuals are advised to start doing sports at early ages in order for them to develop their problem-solving skills.

Bu çalışmada leptin ve adiponektin hormonlarının egzersiz ve enerji dengesi ile ilişkileri literatür ışığında ortaya konulacaktır. Trigliseritlerin deposu olarak görülen adipoz doku üzerine yapılan çalışmalar arttıkça bunların bilinmeyen birçok fizyolojik görevlerinin olduğu ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bunlardan leptin ve adiponektin gibi hormonların enerji dengesi ve insülin direnci ile ilgili bağlantıları yapılan çalışmalarla ortaya konulmaktadır. Leptin organizma içindeki yağ stoklarını ve iştahı düzenlemekte, tokluk duygusu yaratmaktadır. Vücuttaki yağ oranı leptin salınmasını doğrudan etkilemektedir. Adiponektin de adipoz dokudan salınan, insülin duyarlılığını artıran, aterosklerozu gerileten, anti-enflamatuar bir hormondur. Leptin ve adiponektin hormonları plazma seviyesi cinsiyet, yaşam şekli ve yaş gibi etkenlerden etkilenebilmektedir. Leptin ve adiponektin hormonlarında kısa süreli egzersizlerde değişim, ya hiç ya da çok az olmakla birlikte esas uzun süreli yapılan egzersizlerde plazma seviyelerinde değişim gözlendiği sonucuna varılmıştır. İnsülin direnci, diyabet, hipertansiyon, obezite, fazla kilo ile mücadelede ve enerji dengesinde olumlu etki için uzun süreli egzersizlerin tercih edilmesi önerilmiştir.

ÖZETBu araştırmanın amacı özel denge antrenmanlarının 11 yaş genç erkeklerin reaksiyon zamanı (RZ) performansları ile vücut kitle indeksi (VKİ) değerleri üzerine etkisini incelemektir. THE EFFECT OF SPECIAL BALANCE DEVELOPER TRAINING APPLICATIONS ON REACTION TIME AND BODY MASS INDEX OF ELEVEN YEAR OLD YOUNG MALES ABSTRACTThe aim of this research is to determine the effect of special balance trainings on reaction time (RT) and body mass index (BMI) of eleven year old young males. The sample of research includes a total of 75 young males randomly selected; 25 athletes trained in Atakum Municipality substructure, a sedentary group of 25 young males and 25 students of Bayindir Primary School. At the beginning of the research, balance developer special training program was applied to athletes and sedentary group for two months (8 weeks) by taking pre-test results of BMI and RT measured from young males. At the end of the research, the levels were measured by post-test application to determine the improvement of RT and BMI values. One-way ANOVA and Tukey multiple comparison test were applied to determine the difference among pre-test RT and BMI values measured from the three groups. The differences between pre-test and post-test values were evaluated by paired t-test. The differences between post-test values taken from athletes and sedentary group were evaluated by Student t-test. Research findings show that balance development special training program provides improvements at RT and BMI values for athletes and sedentary groups. Therefore, it was thought that special balance education program can improve athletes' and students' RT and BMI values by taking part at sports clubs' substructure education and primary schools' physical education lesson curriculums.