IntroductionAdeno-tonsillectomy is one of the most common procedures performed worldwide in pediatric age group. Antibiotics use after tonsillectomy is like any other surgical procedure; and it is thought that the antibiotic use may help to reduce post-operative morbidity. Giving antibiotics in tonsillectomy patients is a common practice for decades but recently there has been a paradigm shift towards not using the antibiotics, especially in the pediatric population. MethodsA prospective study was done on a cohort of 123 patients and they were divided into two groups on the basis of choice to receive or not to receive antibiotics after tonsillectomy, and these patients were followed in post-operative period to see any differences in the rate of complications. ResultsNo significant statistical correlation was found between age, gender or post-operative visits and postoperative complications in between the two groups. Half of the patients received antibiotics; however, the use of antibiotics did not show a significant decrease in post-operative complications. ConclusionRegular use of antibiotics in post-tonsillectomy patients should not be advised as the use of antibiotics do not prevent or reduce post-operative complications in tonsillectomy patients.

Introduction: Foreign body inhalation (FBI) is a serious and common emergency in children. Such children present in the emergency room (ER) with cough, shortness of breath, choking, or wheezing but rarely present with pneumomediastinum. Patient concerns: Three children aged 2 to 5 years (2 girls and 1 boy) were seen in our ER complaining of FBI. Emergency bronchoscopy removal of the inhaled foreign body was performed; however, all 3 patients developed pneumomediastinum. Diagnosis: A foreign body inhalation complicated by Pneumomediastinum/pneumothorax. Intervention and outcomes: All the patients underwent emergency bronchoscopy and foreign body removal. After the ER intervention, 2 children were placed in the pediatric intensive care unit, and the pneumomediastinum resolved without intervention. The third patient required an operation for chest tube placement, which was then observed in the pediatric intensive care unit, and had several chest radiography follow-ups. After 5 days, the patient exhibited clinical improvement, and the chest tube was removed. Conclusion: In this case series, we present 3 cases of children aged 2 to 5 years seen in our ER with a history of different types of organic FBI complicated by pneumomediastinum/pneumothorax. Pneumomediastinum/pneumothorax is a rare complication of FBI in pediatric patients. However, such complications require multidisciplinary collaboration for early diagnosis and intervention.

Unilateral cervical chondrocutanous branchial remnants (CCBRs) are uncommon, but when they do occur, they usually occur at the anterior margin of the sternocleidomastoid muscle on the lateral side of the neck, whereas normal skin with a cartilage core makes up the lesions. They have no deep underlying tissues; however, they frequently adhere to the sternocleidomastoid muscle fascia, Surgical excision is the preferred treatment for a CCBR. To rule out underlying significant anomalies, a comprehensive physical examination and ultrasound evaluation of the abdomen and heart are required

Background: Deep neck infections (DNIs) are characterized by inflammation in the deep spaces and fasciae of the head and neck, with or without pus. Parapharyngeal, infratemporal, pterygomaxillary, temporal, parotid, masticator, submandibular, visceral, carotid sheath, peritonsillar-pharyngeal mucosal, retropharyngeal, danger, and prevertebral spaces are the different types of DNIs. These infections are potentially fatal, and they spread quickly, causing serious problems. Even in recent research on DNSI cases, potentially life-threatening complications have been recorded at a rate of 10%–20%. Objective: The objective of this study was to identify the most common organisms causing DNIs in Asir Central Hospital (ACH), Saudi Arabia in addition to identifying the most common sensitive antibiotic using to treat DNIs in ACH. Results: Data were retrieved from the records of 108 patients with DNIs (67.6% males, 91.7% Saudis). These included 23 patients in the pediatric group (21.3%) and 85 patients (78.7%) in the adult group. The most common sites for neck abscesses in the whole sample included the submandibular abscess (46.3%). Two types of DNIs were predominating in the pediatric group, including submandibular abscess and anterior neck abscess (30.4% for each type), while submandibular neck abscess was the most common type in the adult group (50.6%). Regarding the previous onset of a recent infection, a total of 67 infections were reported in 63 patients. Upper respiratory tract infections represented the majority of infectious conditions (77.6%) followed by dental infections (22.4%). Among the whole sample, the most commonly isolated pathogen was Staphylococcus species (n = 14, 13.0%), of which 12 Staphylococcus aureus isolates were detected. The 25 isolates with positive cultural growth had undergone culture sensitivity analysis; these showed sensitivity to 89 antibiotics. Bacterial isolates were predominantly sensitive to vancomycin (n = 16, 18.0%), linezolid (n = 14, 15.7%), and ciprofloxacin (n = 13, 14.6%). Conclusion: DNIs in children feature different characteristics from those in adults regarding severity and preceding illness. However, the causative microorganisms and antibiotics sensitivity were similar. S. aureus and vancomycin were the most common bacteria and sensitive antibiotic, respectively.

<p><strong>Background: </strong>Allergic rhinitis is a common inflammatory disorder that affects the upper respiratory tract. It affects about one-third of the world’s population. The prevalence of rhinitis varies greatly in various countries and also in various parts of the same country. With this disease, the quality of life which includes sleep disturbances, fatigue, diminished memory, depression is decreased because of the direct impact on the life of the patient.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> The present cross-sectional study was conducted on patients over the age of 18 years old who suffered from symptoms of allergic rhinitis between 1 March 2021 to 30 March 2021 in Jizan region</p><p>Patients were answered for questionnaires that sent for them online through social media.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 37 participants enrolled. According to the ARIA guidelines, patients were divided into four groups: a moderate to severe intermittent group that comprised the majority of the patients 38%, a mild intermittent group 19%, a moderate to severe permanent group 27%, and a mild permanent group 15%. Among the total of 37 patients, the quality of life was mildly affected in 35% and severely influenced in 65% patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In the patients studied in Saudi Arabia's southern area, allergic rhinitis can have a negative impact on sleep quality, mood, and daily activities.<strong></strong></p>