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The termiticidal performance of wood-based composites [medium density fiberboard (MDF), hardwood plywood, softwood plywood, particleboard and oriented strand board (OSB)] was evaluated following treatment with a non-ester pyrethroid, silafluofen, using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO 2 ) as a carrier solvent. Treatment was conducted under nine combinations of temperature (35°C, 45°C or 55°C) and pressure [7.85 MPa (80 kgf/cm 2 ), 9.81 MPa (100 kgf/cm 2 ) or 11.77 MPa (120 kgf/cm 2 )]. Treated and untreated samples were individually exposed to the subterranean termite Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki in the laboratory, and the percent mass loss of the samples and termite mortality were determined to compare the termiticidal performance among the wood-based composites and treatment conditions. Silafluofen/SC-CO 2 treatment significantly improved the termite resistance of all of the wood-based composites, although the termiticidal performance varied with the composite type and treatment conditions. The best performance for MDF, hardwood plywood, softwood plywood and particleboard was obtained at 35°C-7.85 MPa in terms of the inhibition of feeding, and gave high termite mortality and energy-conservation, whereas the best performance for OSB was at 35°C and 9.81 MPa or 11.77 MPa. KeywordsSupercritical carbon dioxide Silafluofen Coptotermes formosanus Termiticidal efficacy Wood-based composite Brought to you by | Tokyo Daigaku Authenticated Download Date | 5/24/15 8:11 PM

Abstract. Indrayani Y, Muin M, Yoshimura T. 2016. Crude extracts of two different leaf plant species and their responses against subterranean termite Coptotermes formosanus. Nusantara Bioscience 8: 226-231. Crude extracts of plants consist of various chemical compounds useful for many purposes and their effectiveness depend on the comprising active ingredients and applied concentrations. This study was conducted to determine the chemical compounds of plant leaf extracts and examine their responses against subterranean termite Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki. Two tropical plant species [clove (Syzygium aromaticum) and cajuput (Melaleuca leucadendra)] were extracted with 70% ethanol solvent. As the two different plant crude extracts contain eugenol, though to have termiticidal performance, various concentrations (0.1%, 0.05%, and 0.01%) based on their eugenol contents were prepared with filter paper samples for the test. The termite mortality and mass loss of extract-treated and untreated control filter paper samples were determined after four weeks exposure. Results showed that crude extracts of different plant species showed different responses against the subterranean termites although they were applied at the same eugenol-based concentration. At the concentration of 0.1%, the crude extract of S. aromaticum caused termite mortality and consumption rates of 100% and 0.3%, respectively. Whilst, the crude extract of M. leucadendra caused significantly lower termite mortality (36.8%) and higher consumption (9.1%). Samples with lower eugenolbased concentration showed lower termite mortality and may have attractive effects on termites as indicated by higher consumption at the concentration of 0.01% compared to untreated controls. These results suggested that crude extracts of different two leaf species had different effects on subterranean termite C. formosanus eventhough they were applied at the same eugenol-based concentrations.

This study aimed to observe and identify of Coptotermes species based on morphological characteristics. Termites survey was conducted on Teaching Forest of Hasanuddin University, South Sulawesi area Indonesia with the elevation range 406-628 meter asl; specimens collected used the standardized transect sampling protocols at four different landscapes (natural forest, Swietenia mahagony plantation, Acacia mangium plantation, and Pinus merkusii forest Observation, and measurement of nine morphological characters of soldier was conducted, i.e: head length without mandibles, head width at the base of mandibles, maximum width of head, left mandible length, number of antennal segments, pronotum length, maximum width of pronotum, postmentum length, and maximum width of postmentum; also three indices were calculated, i.e., bHW/mHW, MHW/HL, LML/HL. The results showed that there are nine species found based on the morphological characteristics and morphometrical data, namely: Odontotermes sp.1, Odontotermes sp. 2, Odontotermes sp.3, Coptotermes curvignathus, Nasutitermes sp., Schedorhinotermes sp. Microcerotermes serrula, Bulbitermes sp., dan Havilanditermes sp.

Indrayani Y, Muin M, Yoshimura T. 2017. Short communication: Diversity of tropical plants and their attractant properties for subterranean termite Coptotermes curvignathus. Biodiversitas 18: 1353-1357. The effectiveness of bio-based attractant from different leaves of tropical plants on subterranean termites Coptotermes curvignathus was examined under laboratory conditions. Five kinds of leaves of tropical plant such as cajuput (Melaleuca leucadendron L.), cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmannii (Nees & Th. Nees) Nees ex Blume, clove (Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L.M. Perry), bay (Syzygium polyanthum Wight) and basil (Ocimum sanctum L.) were serving as termite feeding bio-based attractants for C. curvignathus. Bio-based attractants were obtained by cross cut dry leaves into smaller particles (dry weight 200 g) and dipped in 70% ethanol solution for 3 x 24 hrs. The extracts were then subjected to a rotary evaporator at 60 ºC until the extract changed to gel condition. 50 workers and five soldiers of C. curvignathus were tested in a no-choice test bioassay to determine their preferred bio-based attractant under the concentration of 10% and 50%. No-choice bioassays chambers were assembled by connecting two clear plastic glasses (bottom diameter 5 cm, top diameter 7 cm) with clear plastic hoses (inner diameter 3 mm, outer diameter 5 mm). Clear plastic hoses connectors allowed termites to move freely between glasses. A laboratory bioassay determined that the response of subterranean termite C. curvignathus on clove leaf was greater than other five leaves as indicated by termite moving time, and did not differ significantly between concentrations. No direct relationships were noted between the speed of the first termite moving time and number of termites recruited to the bio-attractant chamber.