Background: One of the more significant hormonal systems, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, controls the kidney function, adrenal gland through its effect on the balance of sodium and potassium, blood pressure, fluid volume, and also manages the functions of cardiovascular. Objective: To clarify the interrelationship between renal dysfunction and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Patients and Methods: One hundred samples were collected from December 1, 2022, to February 18, 2023, from Al Shams Medical Laboratories (56 male, and 44) female, age range (of 45-60 years), all of them were volunteers suffering from chronic renal failure in the third stage the average glomerular filtration rate was 35. 70 ± 0.37 125 mL/min/1.73m2. and under conservative treatment. Kidney function test, active renin, angiotensin II, and aldosterone were assessed in the serum of all subjects. The p - value of differences less than 0.05 is measured significant, and uses the statistical package for the social sciences (23) software to calculate the correlation coefficient between various parameters. Results: The result shows relationship between the changes in GFR with creatinine, urea and active renin, the mean GFR showed significant negative correlated with mean creatinine (R = -0.76, p < 0.01. As well as the mean GFR with mean urea (R = -0.64, p < 0.01). The mean GFR also showed significant negative correlated with mean active renin in (R = -0.41, p < 0.01). Also, the mean serum active renin level was significantly positive correlated with mean aldosterone (R =0.33, p < 0.05). Conclusion: Renin enzyme is inversely related to renal dysfunction, so when the glomerular filtration rate decrease, the higher the renin increased, and as a result, the increase in blood pressure in chronic renal failure patients.

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Background:The PRDX6 antioxidant family is important in the protection of cells against oxidants in humans. It is encoded by the PRDX6 gene. Peroxiredoxin 6 antioxidant enzyme (PRDX 6) has been reported in several cancers. However, the function of PRDX 6 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC),is far from being understood. Objective:To normal corresponding oral mucosa in relation to clinicopathological parameters.Patients and Methods: This study included 40 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue blocks of primary OSCC cases and fifteen normal oral mucosa samples. Demographic data, clinical staging and histopathological grading were obtained. Immunohistochemically staining anti PRDX 6 antibody was done to illustrate its subcellular localization in normal and malignant cells. Results: Females were affected more than males and the tongue was the most common site involved. PRDX 6 expression was high in OSCC than normal (p=0.001) with mean±Sd (60±18.8) (23±9.8). Significant correlations were found with tumor size, lymph node and tumor stage (p=0.008, p=0.012, p=0.011 respectively) . Whereas no relation was observed concerning age, gender and tumor site. Conclusion:Significant correlation of PRXD 6 anti oxidant enzyme expression with tumor size, lymph node involvement and clinical staging, suggesting its role in oral squamous cell carcinoma progression.

Background: Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) are an inflammatory condition and most the common ulceration of the oral cavity of the patients that make them to ask dental practitioner consultation. most ulcers are associated with pain and heals spontaneously for some days. Objective: To calculate the prevalence of this type of ulcers in diyala governorate among males and females and its association with stress and evaluate the independent issues correlated to this oral mucosal state. Patients and Methods: A total of 80 patients who attended to the Baquba teaching hospital from April 2016 -April 2017 and fill the required questioner of this study which including age, gender, site, size of ulcer, stressed condition and smoking status in addition to other questions. Results: The prevalence of RAS was 17.4%, the third decade of life were the most affected age. Males were affected more than females and the tongue were the most affected sites represents (25 %)of the cases. stress was the most causative factors of this lesions. Conclusion:In diyala governorate, the Aphthus lesion is the main features of stress among males.

Background: Cyclophilin A antioxidant protein (CypA) has been reported in several cancers including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) regarded the highest incidence cancer of oral cavity. However, the function of CypA in OSCC are far from being understood. Objective: To evaluates the current research estimate the immunohistochemical expression of CypA in OSCC and normal corresponding mucosa and compare the results with clinicopathological parameters. Patients and Methods: Forty OSCC cases and fifteen normal mucosae of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue blocks were used and the sections samples collected during the period 0f 2016. Data concerning patient's age, gender, site, clinical presentation, clinical staging and histopathological grading were obtained and reviewed by two pathologists. Representative paraffin blocks were selected and section samples immunohistochemically evaluated using CypA marker. Results: Females affected more than males and the tongue was the most site. CypA expression was high in OSCC than normal (p=0.001) with mean±Sd (55±24.8) (22±10.8). Significant relation found with tumor stage (p=0.03) and no relation observed with age, gender, site and tumor grade. Conclusion: CypA expression was clearly present in OSCC, it increases with clinical stage of tumor and can be used as prognostic marker to diagnose and evaluate OSCC cases from normal.