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With as of the start of the 2000s, technology and internet have become almost indispensable in the lives of individuals. Rapid development of technology has increased the interest and dependence of people on the internet and made it compulsory to use the internet. Increased use of the internet has led to the development invention of mobile devices, cloud technologies, and information and communication technologies. Besides facilitating and accelerating their lives, this situation has caused individuals to encounter some risks. Individuals can exchange information in an online environment, share their feelings and thoughts in a comfortable way, easily benefit from public services and be aware of the events that take place in various parts of the world. In addition, they have started to perform some transactions in electronic media such as e-shopping, e-government, e-book, e-library, e-pulse, e-banking. This brought about the concept of digital life. Digital life has changed a large part of our habits as the Internet began to enter our lives. Most of these changes are in the fields of communication and life perception. This phenomenon led researchers to work more intensively on the concept of digital citizenship. While researching the effects of digital citizenship on the one hand, studies were carried out to determine what to do at school and at teachers’ level. The aim of this study is to address the trends and gaps observed in the research studies about on digital citizenship and to focus on which their subject areas in Turkey. As a result of literature review: (1) Most of the researches studies that are conducted as a result of literature review are focused on students and teachers, (2) In these studies many different scales have been developed to determine the levels of digital citizenship according to the focal point and different factors.

Öz: Bu araştırmanın amacı; anadili eğitimi-öğretiminde ve okuma sürecinde önemli bir yere sahip yazınsal nitelikli çocuk edebiyatı yapıtlarının 7. sınıf öğrencilerinin empati becerisinin gelişmesine etkisini incelemektir. Bu araştırmada nicel ve nitel veri toplama tekniklerinin bir arada yer aldığı, araştırma sonuçlarını bütünleştiren karma desen çeşitlerinden iç içe karma desen kullanılmıştır.Çalışmanın nicel bölümünde gerçek deneysel desenlerden "öntest-sontest kontrol gruplu seçkisiz desen" örneği, nitel bölümünde görüşme tekniği kullanılmıştır.Araştırmanın çalışma grubu, 2017-2018 eğitim-öğretim yılında Van ili Tuşba ilçesindeki iki okulda öğrenim görmekte olan 7. sınıf öğrencilerinden seçilmiştir. Çalışma grubu, basit seçkisiz örnekleme yöntemi kullanılarak belirlenen iki farklı ortaokulda öğrenim gören 60 öğrenciden oluşmaktadır. Araştırma kapsamında veri toplama aracı olarak Kaya ile Siyez (2010) tarafından geliştirilen "KA-Si Empatik Eğilim Ölçeği Ergen Formu" ile araştırmacı tarafından geliştirilen"Empati Durumlarıyla İlgili Öğrenci Görüş Formu" kullanılmıştır. Araştırma verilerinin nicel analizinde verinin yapısı göz önünde bulundurularak parametrik testlerden bağımlı ve bağımsız gruplarda t-testleri kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın nitel analizinde içerik analizi kullanılmıştır.Bu araştırmanın sonucuna göre deney grubunun ön test ve son testinin empati eğilim puanları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Çocuk edebiyatı eserlerinin 7. sınıf öğrencilerinin empati becerisinin gelişmesine katkı sağladığı tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca okutulan eserlerde tespit edilen empati durumlarıyla ilgili öğrencilerin Bu makale, "Çocuk Edebiyatı Eserlerinin 7. Sınıf Öğrencilerinin Empati Becerisinin Gelişimine Etkisi" adlı doktora tezinden uyarlanmıştır.

Objective: To assess the relationship between Aquaporin-1 (AQP1) expression and clinicopathological variables in serous epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Material and Methods:Serous EOC cases treated in our institution between January 2007 and December 2009 were included in the study. A semi-quantitative immunohistochemical method was used to determine AQP1 expression levels, intratumoral microvessel density (IMD) and AQP1/IMD ratios. The relationship between these parameters and clinicopathological variables were assessed. P values less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results:A total of 55 cases of serous EOC were included in the study.AQP1 was strongly expressed in the membranes of microvessels and small vessels within all tumor tissues. In a few cases, AQP1 expression was also observed in the membrane of interstitial cells and in individual tumor cells. A positive correlation was detected between preoperative CA125 levels and the expression of AQP1 (R: 0.277, p<0.05). AQP1 expression was similar between FIGO stage I-II and FIGO stage III-IV cases (p > 0.05). A significant relationship did not exist between AQP1 expression and FIGO stage, lymph node metastasis or ascites volume (p>0.05). Conclusion:In this study, AQP1 expression did not have a significant association with important clinicopathological variables in serous EOC. Future studies are needed to determine AQP1 expression in other histological types of EOC. (J Turkish-German Gynecol Assoc 2013; 14: 130-5) Key words: Aquaporin-1, intratumoral microvessel density, serous epithelial ovarian cancer Received: 15 April, 2013 Accepted: 16 May, 2013 Amaç: Seröz epitelyal over kanserlerinde (EOK) Aquaporin-1 (AQP1) ekspresyonunun klinik ve patolojik değişkenlerle ilişkisini araştırmaktır. Gereç ve Original Investigation 130 IntroductionEpithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal gynecologic cancer, with a five-year overall survival of approximately 31 to 53%, considering all stages (1-3). Generally accepted clinicopathological variables that may have an impact on survival are tumor histology, disease stage, patient age, performance status of the patient, presence of ascites, residual tumor burden after surgery and preoperative CA-125 level (4-16).Aquaporins are a group of homologous water channel proteins, which are expressed in various tissues (17-19). Aquaporin-1 (AQP1) has important functions in various organs such as the kidney, central and peripheral nervous system, eye, lacrimal glands, salivary glands, lungs, pleura, gastrointestinal system, female and male reproductive system, inner ear and skin. Considering its function in angiogenesis, the possible role of AQP1 in carcinogenesis, tumor progression and metastasis ability has been an area of interest (20,21 A previous study has demonstrated that there is a strong positive correlation between AQP1 expression and intratumoral microvessel density (IMD) in EOC (22). In the present study, we evaluated AQP1 expression in serous EOC, in order to determine its association with...

The most important source for the acquisition of the skills targeted in Turkish language course is the texts included in the textbooks. However, recent advances in computers have allowed the visual elements to be included in the education system in addition to textual elements. Visual elements are used in several media, especially in television and the Internet as well as books, magazines, newspapers, etc. For the acquisition of visual reading and visual reading skills, visual reading education is of great importance. In the present study that investigated the effect of visual reading education and visual elements on writing and verbal skills of middle school students, pretest-posttest random sampling design with control group, an experimental design was used. The study researcher randomly assigned 17 students in the study group and 18 students in the control group who were attending the 5th grade in Ahmet Yesevi ISE Middle School during the 2018-2019 academic year. The Written Expression Evaluation Scale (WEES) and Effective Speech Skills in Turkish Language Scale (VRSTLS) were used as data collection instruments. The study data were analyzed with parametric independent and paired samples t-tests. SPSS-PASW Statistics (Version 22) was used in analyses. The study findings demonstrated that visual reading awareness education had a significant impact on the development of writing and verbal skills of the students.