Thorough information about the reclamation status of soils based on complex studies carried out in the Mugan-Salyan massif are given in the article. Based on results of recent studies on the evaluation of reclamation status, soils were divided into 4-categories and the reasons behind each division and contemporary status were shown. Soils over Mugan-Salyan massif were evaluated with respect to all parameters and results were set up in a table. The evaluation allowed to prepare suggestions for farm owner on how to increase soil fertility.

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a system of physical objects embedded with various sensors to receive information, software, chips, and other technologies that allow connecting and transferring data to other devices through the Internet without human intervention. As the number of smart devices increase, IoT has started to be applied in many more fields. Therefore, there is a lot of information that should be processed. To manage this amount of data, some researchers proposed the usage of big data techniques. Big data are a collection of structured and unstructured data incoming with a high speed and large amounts. This paper investigates big data applications in IoT to comprehend the different published approaches using the systematic literature review (SLR) technique. This paper systematically studies the latest research methods on big data in IoT approaches published between 2016 and August 2021. A methodical taxonomy is shown for big data in IoT-related fields consistent with the content of existing articles chosen with the SLR process in this research like healthcare, smart city, algorithms, industry, and general aspects in those environments. The advantages and drawbacks of each paper are presented, with specific proposals for stating their pros and cons open issues and advising possible research challenges in big data implementation in the IoT.The evaluation factors of big data applications in IoT are distributed as follows: security (18%), throughput (17%), cost (17%), energy consumption (15%), reliability (15%), response time (9%), and availability (9%).

The article presents the method of water resources management in the Asa river basin and indicators of water intake, water supply and assessment of water quality. Water is an economically important resource that determines the sustainability of a country’s development. New trends show that water issues are becoming more complex with other sectors, including agriculture, energy, industry, transport, and communications, as well as with social sectors: education, environment, and healthcare, rural or regional development. The rational use of water resources, as well as the protection of water resources and access to drinking water are an important priority for the world community. The Republic of Kazakhstan is no exception, since the deficit of water resources is growing every year. Today’s global challenges, especially climate change and population growth, are making the situation even more worrisome. Climate change is caused by dynamic processes on Earth, external influences such as fluctuations in the intensity of sunlight, and recent human activities. Consequently, in the conditions of Kazakhstan, where water resources are limited, and irrigation develops in various natural and climatic zones, further intensification of irrigated agriculture can be carried out through the development of environmentally friendly integrated technologies, ecological and reclamation management of water and land resources, ensuring a decrease in the amount of unproductive losses of irrigation water, as well as protection of water and land resources from pollution by collector-waste waters, leaching of organic substances and nutrients, the rate of salt accumulation in the root layer and the rate of alkalization and alkalinization processes. This approach is predetermined by the fact that the existing methods of water resources management inevitably lead to large losses of irrigation water for infiltration, discharge and evaporation, the value of which reaches 60–70% of the water intake.

Detailed information about the water and physical properties of irrigated soils in the Massif of Mugan--Salyan is given in the paper. Results of the study showed differences in the soil properties. The field water capacity of soil in the zone was 25.32-30.30% or 1.26-1.56 g·cm -3 , particle density was 2.53-2.88 g·cm -3 , porosity -44.16-54.20%; clay content -22.54-70.10% and the velocity of soaking the soil with water ranged between 9.24 and 55.84 cm·h -1 . Such variability of the indices points to a need for reclamation measures in the soils.

The article says that the main increase in the productivity of animal husbandry is to increase the production of feed and improve their quality. This is primarily due to the cultivation in each soil and climate zone of such crops that would provide high-quality and stable yields of forage crops. An alternative to traditional silage crops, such as corn, can be sugar sorghum. This is due to the versatility of its use, drought resistance, heat resistance and high productivity. Sorghum cultivation allows to increase the productivity of arable land and significantly improve the quality of feed in terms of sugar content. Therefore, the relevance of the full-scale study of the elements of the technology of forage crop cultivation, for the conditions of the Kazakh part of the Aral Sea region, is obvious. In the arsenal of the world’s plant resources, sorghum is characterized by the greatest heat and drought resistance, salt tolerance and high yield. To create a unit of dry matter, sorghum consumes almost half of its water. First of all, sorghum has a minimum transpiration coefficient, i.e. the water consumption is a unit of dry matter. For example, sorghum consumes 300 parts of water, and Sudanese grass – 340, corn – 388, wheat – 515, sunflower – 895. The yield of dry matter from sorghum is 30 % higher compared to corn. Sorghum grain contains more than 70-91 % starch and 10.5 % protein, and corn, respectively, 60-75 and 7-15 %. With an intensive type of root system development, sorghum belongs to the xerophytic (drought-resistant) type of plants. Sorghum is the leading crop among most crops due to its ability to tolerate prolonged harsh hydrothermal conditions.