Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the prominent causes for disability and lowered quality of life worldwide in elderly population. It has fostered immense burden to AD patients, families and society. Burgeoning progress in the field of pathogenesis over last two decades has persuaded the investigation of novel pharmacological therapeutics that focuses towards the pathophysiological events of AD. Miscellaneous clinical trials, development and testing of interventions aimed at various targets, such as anti-tau and anti-amyloid interventions, neurotransmitter modification, neuroprotection and anti-neuroinflammation interventions, cognitive enhancement and interventions to palliate behavioural symptoms have been carried out. Despite massive efforts to find disease-modifying therapies,there lingers a vital need for continuing the advancement in progress of the AD research. This review features the new developments of small molecule compounds that will be beneficial in evolution of new AD therapies. In particular, this review briefly describes summary of mechanistic causes chiefly associated with AD and focuses on medicinal approach via small molecule inhibitors that can manage cognitive impairment and dysfunction and may combat Alzheimer's development.

Objective: Bazr-ul-Banj syn. Ajwain khurasani (Hyoscyamus niger Linn.) is one of the important drug mentioned in Unani literature. It mentioned by the great Unani philosopher Dioscorides (first century AD) in his treatise Kitab-al-Hashaish. According to Unani philosophy, Bazr-ul-Banj is in third-degree category according to its temperamental nature. H. niger Linn. contains tropane alkaloids in good quantity, mainly hyoscyamine and scopolamine. Methods: Unani classical literature was searched from recent to past available in different libraries. For phytochemistry, pharmacology, and clinical studies to prove, the importance computerized databases such as Medline, PubMed, Ovid SP, Google Scholar, and Science-direct were searched. All the information of plant available in Urdu, Persian, Arabic, and studies published abstract were included in the study. Results: Fourteen Unani books were referred and 18 pharmacological studies were recognized. The action of Bazr-ul-Banj mentioned in Unani classical literature are Hazim (Digestive), Mudammil (Cicatrizant), Mujaffif (Dessicant), Mukhaddir (Anesthetic), Munashshi (Narcotic), Munawwim (Hypnotic), Musakkin (Sedative), Musakkin-e-Alam (Analgesic), Raade (divertive), Qabiz (Astringent), etc., and useful in Amraz-e-asbania (nervous affections), Amraz-e-Raham (uterine spasm and pain), Dard wa Alam (pain), Ikhtelaj-e-Qalb (palpitation), Junoon (mania), Niqras (Gout), Zeequn Nafas (Bronchial asthma), etc. H. niger Linn. showed many pharmacological effects included antimicrobial, anticancer, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antihypertensive, and antidiarrheal activities in different clinical and experimental studies. Conclusion: This presentation is an attempt to showcase the action, uses mentioned in Unani literature, chemical constituent, and pharmacological and toxicological effects at one place. It may also observe that the drug is having many actions which may be beneficial in cases of COVID-19. It may be concluded this should be tested as adjuvant medicine in cases of COVID-19.

Rhazes (855-925 AD) the great scholar of Unani System Medicine (USM), initially classified Materia Medica according to animal, mineral and plant origin. Zahar Mohra is a Greenish white, good‑looking mineral stone with a slippery feel having a good smell and taste obtained from mines. In USM it is considered to be a universal antidote. The great Unani Scholar Yuhannā Māsawayh (777-857 AD), was one of the first physicians who mentioned the medicinal uses of Zahar Mohra. In Unani Medicine it is used to treat epidemic diseases such as Haiza (Cholera), Tawoon (Plague), as an antidote for different poisoning and to provide strength to vital organs. To check adulteration the quality standard of Zahar Mohra has been laid down. All the available information regarding this historically important stone has been compiled which will help the researcher to find a solution of pandemic disease in the current scenario. Key words: Zahar Mohra, Unani Medicine, Fade Zahar Kani, Mineral Bezoar

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Mutlazima Qabl Haiz (Premenstrual syndrome) refers to a combination of physical and emotional disturbances that occur after a woman ovulates and resolves with start of menstruation. More than 200 symptoms have been ascribed to PMS. Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder ia a more severe form of premenstrual syndrome. The characteristic symptoms of premenstrual syndrome are mood swings, anxiety, and irritability and physical conditions – like headache, fatigue, bloating, sleep disturbances, nausea, and breast tenderness. 90% of the women all over the world experience these symptoms during their reproductive years. The PMS has unknown cause and does not have any specific proved diagnosis and medication in modern medicine. The main objective of this article is to review the potential treatment for premenstrual syndrome in unani medicine. Keywords: Premenstrual Syndrome, Premenstrual Dysphoric Syndrome, Unani Management