Ubi kayu merupakan komoditas tanaman pangan sumber karbohidrat, sehingga produksi ubi kayu yang maksimal dapat mendukung ketahanan pangan nasional. Salah satu faktor pembatas dalam upaya peningkatan produksi tanaman ubi kayu adalah keberadaan gulma pada lahan budidaya. Gulma dapat menjadi pesaing bagi ubi kayu dalam mendapatkan unsur hara, air, cahaya dan ruang tumbuh, serta dapat menjadi inang hama dan patogen, sehingga perlu dilakukan pengendalian. Penentuan metode pengendalian gulma membutuhkan informasi mengenai vegetasi gulma yang tumbuh di lahan budidaya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi keragaman gulma serta menentukan gulma dominan pada lahan budidaya ubi kayu di Desa Tamansari, Kecamatan Karanglewas, Kabupaten Banyumas. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan melakukan identifikasi terhadap gulma sampel, serta metode kuantitatif dengan melakukan analisis vegetasi gulma. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode Kuadrat menggunakan plot ukuran 0,5×0,5 m2 secara acak dengan melemparkan plot ke lahan budidaya ubi kayu sebanyak 10 kali sehingga terdapat 10 plot sampel. Hasil pennelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada lahan budidaya ubi kayu di Desa Tamansari, Kecamatan Karanglewas, Kabupaten banyumas, ditemukan 2 golongan gulma, yaitu gulma rerumputan yang terdiri dari 2 species, dan gulma berdaun lebar yang terdiri dari 5 spesies. Gulma dominan pada lahan tersebut adalah Eleusin indica (nilai SDR 44,6%), Alternanthera sessilis (nilai SDR 21,7%), dan Ottochloa nodosa (nilai SDR 19,6%).
<p>The red flour beetle, <em>Tribolium castaneum </em>(Herbts)<em> </em>is a major pest of flour from various grains. The infested flour is discoloured and will emit a disagreeable odour due to the secretion of benzoquinone from the insect’s abdominal glands. Considering the economic losses effected by <em>T. castaneum, </em>new alternative control measures are needed for this pest. This study sought to determine the host preferences of <em>T. castaneum </em>from amongst six kinds of flour to assess their vulnerability to infestation. The research was conducted in the Plant Pest Laboratory, Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Brawijaya. The host preferences of <em>T. castaneum</em> were examined using a six-arm olfactometer. Feeding preference tests were performed for a duration of 12 hours at 200 ml/minute airflow in each chamber-arm, followed by oviposition preference observations one week later. Feeding preference was calculated for the total pool of adults observed, segregated by sex, whereas oviposition preference was calculated as the number of eggs laid. Flour nutrition (proximate composition, phenolic content, and riboflavin content) were analyzed. Our results showed a feeding preference by <em>T. castaneum </em>for bran, soy and tapioca flour was greater over wheat, corn, and white gelatinous rice flour, while for oviposition, bran flour was the most preferred.</p>
Jagung merupakan tanaman sumber karbohidrat sehingga mempunyai nilai strategis dan nilai ekonomis yang tinggi, akan tetapi praktik budidaya tanaman jagung mengalami berbagai kendala, salah satunya adalah keberadaan gulma pada lahan budidaya yang berpotensi menurunkan produksi tanaman jagung. Upaya pengendalian gulma oleh petani saat ini kurang efektif dan efisien karena kurangnya pemahaman tentang vegetasi gulma yang tumbuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis vegetasi gulma dan menentukan gulma dominan pada lahan budidaya jagung di Kelurahan Arcawinangun, Kecamatan Purwokerto Timur, Kabupaten Banyumas. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan mengidentifikasi gulma yang ditemukan, dan metode kuantitatif dengan menghitung dan menganalisis vegetasi gulma yang dominan. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode Kuadrat menggunakan plot ukuran 0,5 x 0,5 m2 secara acak dengan melemparkan plot ke lahan budidaya jagung sebanyak 10 kali sehingga terdapat 10 plot sampel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 11 spesies gulma yang tumbuh pada lahan budidaya jagung di Kelurahan Arcawinangun, Kecamatan Purwokerto Timur dengan komposisi 6 termasuk golongan gulma berdaun lebar, 3 termasuk golongan gulma rerumputan, dan 2 termasuk golongan gulma teki. Gulma yang mendominasi pada lahan tersebut adalah Synedrella nodiflora dari golongan gulma berdaun lebar dengan nilai SDR sebesar 31,1%, dan Cyperus iria dari golongan teki dengan nilai SDR sebesar 23,8%.
Color preferences on post-harvest adult pests are useful for monitoring instrument development which based on the colonization and oviposition behavior. The research was aimed to determine the most attractive color with a certain wavelength for the test insects. The research was conducted in laboratory conditions of Plant Pest Laboratory, Department of Plant Pest and Disease, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Brawijaya at 27 ± 2°C, RH 65 ± 5%; and day:light 12:12 hours. Study of color preferences on six species of weevil used free choice test method and set by CRD with four replications using eight colors: white, red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and purple. The observed parameters were the number of adults and eggs laid. Results showed that each post-harvest insect had a different preference for various colors in the range of 380–450 nm wavelength. Adults of Sitophilus oryzae, Oryzaephilus surinamensis, O.s Mercator, and Tribolium castaneum were more preferred to feed and lay eggs in blue color (451–495 nm), Lasioderma serricorne was more preferred in indigo color (445–450 nm), and S. zeamais was more preferred in purple color (380–444 nm). The oviposition preference revealed that there was a positive correlation between the number of females and the egg laid.
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