Globally, the cement industry has been identified as a factor which causes significant pollution. This study is conducted to assess environmental impacts of cement industry - Rabak Cement Factory on vegetation and soil. Standard methods were followed in collecting, preparation and examination of some plant and soil samples from the study areas. The results showed that, the mean values of soil pH, electric conductivity and moisture contents, were (7.58, 449.38 µs/cm, 4.56%), respectively in the exposed area, and (7.28, 343.63 µs/cm, 4.31%) in the unexposed area. There were significance differences between exposed and unexposed areas with regard to concentrations of oxides of elements (Fe2O3, CaO, MgO, Mn2O, Na2O and K2O) in soil and in different vegetables (Radish, Jews mallow, Fennel, Rocket) in the study area. The factory management should further provide the latest technologies to reduce industrial emissions to protect the environment and population living around the factory. Further studies are needed to investigate the impacts of cement industry on environment.

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Lack of clean water supply, sanitation and hygiene are major causes for the spread of waterborne diseases in a community. This study was conducted, to determine the quality of drinking water collected from Kosti City, White Nile State, Sudan. In this study, the quality levels of drinking water (physical, chemical and the microbial), were determined following the standard methods. Five sites were selected to sampling drinking water during Feb. 2021. The results showed that, some of pH, HCO3-, Hardness, SO-, Na+ and Ca++ values were not fall within the standard ranges. Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Cl and K+ data agreed with standard ranges. CO3 show a very strong +ve correlation (0.99) with Na and -ve correlation (-0.98) with HCO3. E. coli were relatively high in comparison to standards (which should be zero). The study recommends evaluating the quality of the drinking water, and this should be routine work.

Argel (Solenostemma argel) and Black seeds (Nigella sativa) are important spices available in Sudan and used in traditional medicine to prove health and to fight microbes. This work aim to determine the chemical composition of Argel (S. argel) and Black seed (N. sativa) and their antibacterial activities against E. coli. Plant samples and E. coli strain were brought from Wad Medani City, Gezira State, Sudan. The plant materials were used to run GC-MS analysis and antibacterial test using the standard methods. The results showed that, The main compounds identified from Argel polar extracted, were 3-pentanol, 2,2,4,4- tetramethyle-(15.61%), (3E.5E.7E)-6-Methyl-8-(2,6,6-trimethyl (13.28%), 4H-Pyran-4-one, 2,3-dihydro-3.5-hydroxy (11.8%), and 2,2-Dimethyl-3-[3-methyl-5-(phenylthio) (9.47%), while those of the Black seeds were hexanedecanoic acid (29.44%), Glycerin (18.45%), Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z) (17.97%), and (R)-(-)-14-Methyl-8-hexadecyn-1-ol (11.95%). Also the aqueous extract of Argel leaves and Black seeds at concentrations of 5% revealed 6 mm and 0 mm inhibition zones, respectively, but the concentration of 25% produced inhibition zone of 17 and 18 mm, respectively, on E. coli isolate. The effort that seeks for cheap, safe and effective natural agents should be continued.

Mosquitoes are worldwide insect-borne disease caused agents. Malaria is wide spread in tropical and subtropical regions. This work aim to determine the phytochemical composition of Neem (Azadirachta indica), and Argel (Solenostemma argel) and to test their biocidal activity against mosquitoes larvae. Plant materials were brought from within Wad Medani City, Gezira State, Sudan, while Anopheles and Culex larvae were brought from the insectary of Blue Nile Institute for Communicable Diseases, University of Gezira. In this study the standard methods for phytochemical screening were followed to determine the presence of the main classes, also the WHO (2012) procedure to test the toxic product against mosquitoes larvae was also followed. The results showed that, neem leaves and Argel shared the presence of flavonoids, glycosides, tannins, steroids and alkaloids. The hydro-ethanol extract of Neem leaves reflected LC50 =278, 63 mg/L against Anopheles larvae, while that of the Culex was 356.22 mg/L after 24 hours. The hydro-ethanol extract of Argel leaves reflected LC50 = 265.49 mg/L against Anopheles larvae, while that of the Culex was 349.58 mg/L after 24 hours. Also Anopheles larvae were more susceptible than Culex larvae. The effort of testing the available plant product to combat insect pests and vectors should not ignore.