It is expected that the COVID-19 pandemic provides a significant impact on food price volatility in many products including sugar. The paper aims to analyze the price dynamic of sugar before covid (1st August -2nd March 2020) and during the covid outbreak (3rd March -31th August 2021) in all provinces in Indonesia by using the t-test and ARCH GARCH model. Based on Augmented Dickey-Fuller analysis before and during covid, the prices of sugar in Indonesia were stationary at the "first difference". The results reveal that the prices of sugar in all provinces in Indonesia before covid was lower compared to during the COVID-19 pandemic. According to ARCH GARCH results, sugar prices were much more volatile in Riau,
The development gap is still an important issue. This can be seen in one of the goals in the framework of reference for the development of countries in the world which is formulated in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). One form of inequality that often occurs in the region is the human development gap. The gap in human development in rural and urban areas causes a welfare gap. The gap in human development can be approached from the indicators of the human development index. The Village Fund distribution program is one of the efforts made by the government to reduce the number of development gaps in each region. This study aims to analyze the effect of village funds on the urban-rural human development gap in Indonesia for the 2015-2019 period. The analytical method used is descriptive analysis and panel data analysis. The results showed that the village fund program had a negative effect on the gap in Indonesia's human development, which was represented by life expectancy, the gap in average length of schooling, and the gap per capita in rural and urban areas in Indonesia.
<span class="fontstyle0">Poverty is one of the most crucial problems in Indonesia which is the fifth city in South-East Asia, have a poverty line around 11.2% in 2014 (BPS 2016). Moreover, poverty in Indonesia has decreased slowly from 2000 (19.1%) until 2016 (10.9%) (Smeru, 2015). It means poverty in Indonesia should be accelerated the decline. One of the things that can reduce poverty is education (Gounder and Xing 2012). Education has a relationship with household consumption per capita. That means, the higher the education of household head, the higher the consumption per capita that household get. The aim of this study is to analyze the impact of education on poverty as measured by household's consumption in West Indonesia in 2014. This study uses Two-Stage Least Square (2SLS) methods with cross-section data and obtained from IFLS (Indonesia Family Life Survey). The result shows that there is a relationship between education and other independent variables on poverty. The independent variables that significantly affect poverty are age, age squared, gender, and marital status. The implication of this study is education can increase the number of consumption per capita so that the living standard will increase and poverty will decrease.<br /><br /></span><span class="fontstyle2">JEL Classification: </span><span class="fontstyle0">I20, I21, I25<br /><br /></span><span class="fontstyle2">Keywords</span><span class="fontstyle0">: consumption per capita, cross section, education, Two Stage Least Square, poverty.</span>
<p><em>The decision to access tertiary education is influenced by individual characteristics, household characteristics, and regional factors. This study aimed to examine the determinant of individual decision to access tertiary education based on individual characteristics, household characteristics, and regional factors. The respondents of the study were 19 years old or above and already finished secondary education. This study used secondary data from data Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) 5. Technique analysis used multinominal logit by samples that consist of 1.936 respondent. The result of this analysis showed that the individual characteristic that consist of UN score, Sex, and Occupational status while study has significant impact on the choice to access undergraduate study. Likewise, on the household characteristics that consist of educational assistance from non government, level of education of head of household, and the consumption per member of the family has significant impact to the choice to access diploma. In undergraduate education, only the UN score in individual characteristic that has significant impact. The household characteristics were consist of educational assistance from government and non-government, the level of education of head of household, the consumption per member of the family, and dependency ratio impact significantly on the choice to access undergraduate study.</em></p><p><strong><em>JEL Classification: </em></strong>I20, I21, I25</p><p><strong><em>Keywords: </em></strong><em>Household Characteristics</em><em>, </em><em>Individual Characteristics, Indonesia Family Life Survey,</em><em> </em><em>Multinomial Logit, Regional Factors, Tertiary Education</em></p>
The government is trying to improve the food security of the community. By fulfilling the community's food needs, it can improve the community's welfare. Meeting good food and people can achieve nutrition needs by increasing milk consumption. However, domestic production is still unable to meet the domestic demand for milk. Increasing domestic milk production can be achieved by using technology. The use of livestock data recording technology can help farmers increase cow's milk production. This study aims to analyze the effect of socio-economic characteristics on the application of livestock data recording and the factors that influence the adoption of livestock data recording technology in North Cianjur KPS. The method used is descriptive analysis and logistic regression using data from a questionnaire with 71 respondents. The socio-economic characteristics in North Cianjur KPS show that respondents who adopt technology are of productive age, have low education, have few dependents, and are of medium-scale business. The results of this study indicate that the variables of age, informal education, and family dependents significantly negatively affect the application of livestock data recording. In addition, the number of cows, the area of the cowshed, and roof construction materials significantly positively affect the application of livestock data recording.
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