This paper examines cultural and leadership variables associated with corporate social responsibility values that managers apply to their decision-making. In this longitudinal study, we analyze data from 561 firms located in 15 countries on five continents to illustrate how the cultural dimensions of institutional collectivism and power distance predict social responsibility values on the part of top management team members. CEO visionary leadership and integrity were also uniquely predictive of such values.
This study sets out to test the assumption that concepts of leadership differ as a function of cultural differences in Europe and to identify dimensions which describe differences in leadership concepts across European countries. Middle‐level managers (N = 6052) from 22 European countries rated 112 questionnaire items containing descriptions of leadership traits and behaviours. For each attribute respondents rated how well it fits their concept of an outstanding business leader. The findings support the assumption that leadership concepts are culturally endorsed. Specifically, clusters of European countries which share similar cultural values according to prior cross‐cultural research (Ronen & Shenkar, 1985), also share similar leadership concepts. The leadership prototypicality dimensions found are highly correlated with cultural dimensions reported in a comprehensive cross‐cultural study of contemporary Europe (Smith, Dugan, & Trompenaars, 1996). The ordering of countries on the leadership dimensions is considered a useful tool with which to model differences between leadership concepts of different cultural origin in Europe. Practical implications for cross‐cultural management, both in European and non‐European settings, are discussed.
Cette e tude examine la culture organisationnelle, les comportements de direction, et les perceptions face aux attributs efficaces et treÁ s efficaces des dirigeants dans la socie te turque. Les donne es utilise es dans cette e tude proviennent aÁ la fois d'une recherche inde pendante et de la base de donne es GLOBE. Dans le projet inde pendant de recherche, les donne es ont e te recueillies aupreÁ s de 92 personnes employe es par deux compagnies manufacturieÁ res et deux de services. Les donne es qualitatives de GLOBE proviennent de deux groupes de discussion et de six entrevues en profondeur. Les valeurs organisationnelles dominantes dans les entreprises turques ont e te identifie es comme e tant, en ordre d'importance, le collectivisme, une orientation performance, l'e vitement de l'incertitude, le sacrifice de soi, l'inte grite , distance hie rarchique, la qualite , la conside ration, et l'orientation vers le futur. Les comportements de direction les plus fre quemment observe s ont e te les suivants: hie rarchiqueÐautocratique, suivi par paternalisteÐconside rant, transactionnelÐoriente vers l'e quipe, et laisser-faire. Les re sultats de montrent que tous les comportements de direction ont e te influence s par les valeurs organisationnelles. Les attributs efficaces des dirigeants ont e te percË us comme incluant les qualite s suivantes: oriente vers les personnes (inte grateurs d'e quipe et paternaliste), oriente vers la taà che, participatif, et charismatiqueÐtrans-formationnel. En ge ne ral, cette e tude de montre l'importance du collectivisme dans la culture organisationnelle tout comme dans les attributs treÁ s efficaces des dirigeants dans un contexte turque.
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