This paper reports the findings of a 12-nation study designed to test empirically the relationships between societal cultural values, individual social beliefs, and the perceived effectiveness of different influence strategies. The relationships between three types of broad influence strategy (persuasive, assertive, and relationship based) and four dimensions of individual beliefs (cynicism, fate control, reward for application, and religiosity) were examined. Three of Project GLOBE's cultural values (in-group collectivism, uncertainty avoidance, and future orientation) were selected to investigate their direct effects on the rated effectiveness of influence strategies, and their possible interaction with dimensions of individual beliefs. Results showed that different dimensions of individual social beliefs predict the perceived effectiveness of the three types of influence strategy, and that cultural values can moderate the strength of the relationship between these dimensions of individual social beliefs and the perceived effectiveness of influence strategies.
Cette e tude examine la culture organisationnelle, les comportements de direction, et les perceptions face aux attributs efficaces et treÁ s efficaces des dirigeants dans la socie te turque. Les donne es utilise es dans cette e tude proviennent aÁ la fois d'une recherche inde pendante et de la base de donne es GLOBE. Dans le projet inde pendant de recherche, les donne es ont e te recueillies aupreÁ s de 92 personnes employe es par deux compagnies manufacturieÁ res et deux de services. Les donne es qualitatives de GLOBE proviennent de deux groupes de discussion et de six entrevues en profondeur. Les valeurs organisationnelles dominantes dans les entreprises turques ont e te identifie es comme e tant, en ordre d'importance, le collectivisme, une orientation performance, l'e vitement de l'incertitude, le sacrifice de soi, l'inte grite , distance hie rarchique, la qualite , la conside ration, et l'orientation vers le futur. Les comportements de direction les plus fre quemment observe s ont e te les suivants: hie rarchiqueÐautocratique, suivi par paternalisteÐconside rant, transactionnelÐoriente vers l'e quipe, et laisser-faire. Les re sultats de montrent que tous les comportements de direction ont e te influence s par les valeurs organisationnelles. Les attributs efficaces des dirigeants ont e te percË us comme incluant les qualite s suivantes: oriente vers les personnes (inte grateurs d'e quipe et paternaliste), oriente vers la taà che, participatif, et charismatiqueÐtrans-formationnel. En ge ne ral, cette e tude de montre l'importance du collectivisme dans la culture organisationnelle tout comme dans les attributs treÁ s efficaces des dirigeants dans un contexte turque.
The frequently used influencing tactics in a relatively high collectivist and high power distance culture have been investigated. An exploratory study indicated that leaders used both implicit influence and more directive forms of influence. Empirical measures suggested that none of the western influence strategies were frequently used in Turkey. Analyses of influence incidents revealed that most frequently perceived influence behaviors were “granted power/authority” and “taking over responsibility” followed by “rationalizing and involving” and “pressure”. These findings, which seemed to be contradicting each other at the beginning, reflect the high collectivism, power distance and paternalism values found in Turkish culture.
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