No abstract

Most researchers agree that the etiology of liver injury can be commonly separated into two categories. Firstly, a cause of direct hepatotoxicity or liver injury is the drug itself or its metabolite as is the case with acetaminophen overdose. Several other drugs

Human populations are exposed to several toxic substances in the environment, including pesticides. Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl (FPE) and fluzifob-p-butyl (FPB) herbicides are extensively used in agricultural fields due to their high target selectivity and low non-target toxicity. They are known as aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicides, and acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitor. In the study, we aimed to evaluate the toxic potentials of FPE and FPB herbicides. Cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay in the range of 15.6-500.0 µM exposure concentrations in mouse fibroblast (BALB/3T3) cell line. Also, we investigated their DNA damage potentials on BALB/3T3 cells by using alkaline Comet assay. The results indicated that FPE and FPB showed no evidence of DNA damage. And, the cell viability was more than 20% at 12.5-400 µM exposure concentrations. FPE and FPB might be safe according to our results and the previously studies, and there would be public health benefits from encouraging its use in the place of more toxic herbicide products.

No abstract

Diclofop-methyl is a selective post-emergence graminicide from the phenoxy propionate group of herbicides to be developed for control of wild oats, millets, and other annual grass weeds. Diclofop-methyl usage is limited in various grass weed species due to its toxic effect and exposure risks. However, total annual usage of is approximately 750.000 pounds in United States, and more in Asia. Therefore, we aimed to investigate diclofopmethyl's toxic potentials in vitro and the following assays were used; MTT assay for cytotoxicity, comet assay for genotoxicity, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) for the potential of oxidative damage in mouse embryo fibroblast (NIH/3T3) cell line. Diclofop-methyl was observed to reduce the cell viability in a concentration manner and the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) value was 301.7 µM. Diclofop-methyl caused DNA damage and oxidative stress at the concentrations between 12.5-400 μM. Tail intensities were at the range of 1.24-58.21% with increasing concentrations, which are approximately ≤ 1.63-fold of the negative control. Also, MDA levels were increased ≥ ³11.4-fold of the negative control that denotes lipid peroxidation was induced. However, there was no significant increment in the ROS and GSH levels at all concentrations. In view of the fact that ROS has not been detected, despite its level of MDA proffers, the idea that oxidative damage may have been caused by other mechanisms. Our results indicate that diclofopmethyl was cytotoxic, genotoxic and might have oxidative damage potential in vitro conditions. Keywords