Arsenic is carcinogenic and teratogenic. In addition, it is also a developmental neurotoxicant. Little is known however about the effect of arsenic exposure during brain development on social behavior. This study aimed to detect the effect of developmental arsenic exposure on social behavior and related gene expression in C3H adult male mice. Pregnant C3H mice were exposed to sodium arsenite (NaAsO2, 85 ppm in the drinking water) from gestational day (GD) 8 to 18. The F1 generation male pups from different mothers were taken and social behavior tasks were examined. Social behavioral-related gene expression in the prefrontal cortex was determined by the real-time RT-PCR method. The mice with developmental arsenic exposure showed poor sociability and poor social novelty preference. Glutamate receptor expression (NMDA and AMPA receptor subunits) showed no significant difference, but gene expressions of serotonin receptor 5B (5-HT 5B) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in the arsenic-exposed group compared to control group. The heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) gene expressions were not significantly different. Our findings indicate that developmental arsenic exposure might affect social behavior by modulating serotonin receptors and reducing BDNF. Some oxidative stress markers and inflammatory markers were not affected.

Background: Almost all women experience at least mild degree of one or more premenstrual symptoms during the days before menstruation. Women with premenstrual syndrome (PMS) experience a pattern of severe premenstrual symptoms month after month and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is the extreme, predominantly psychological end of the PMS spectrum. These symptoms hinder some aspect of their family as well as social lives and also interfere their activities at work.Aims and Objectives: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of PMS among reproductive aged Myanmar women from medical field and to investigate the frequency and severity of symptoms experience by the women with PMS.Materials and Methods: All participants were asked to complete a questionnaire derived from Calendar of Premenstrual Experiences (COPE) for two consecutive menstrual cycle to diagnose PMS and PMDD. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 400 reproductive aged women (between 15 - 45 years) among the medical students, doctors and nurses.Results: Out of 400 subjects, 149 women (37.3%) met DSM-IV criteria for PMS and 251 women (62.7%) did not have PMS. Among PMS women, 81 women (54.4%) had PMDD. The most frequent PMS symptoms were poor concentration (88.6%), irritability (87.3%), ache and pain (81.9%), increased appetite (79.2%) and breast swelling (75.8%). The most frequent symptom in mild and moderate PMS is physical symptom (ache and pain) and that in PMDD was psychological symptom (poor concentration).Conclusion: The prevalence of PMS with high PMDD proportion was found in reproductive aged Myanmar women from medical field.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.7(4) 2016 39-43

Objective. To assess the effect of oral calcium supplementation on lipid profile and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP).Methodology. This study was undertaken in 28 centrally obese male subjects [age 26.4 (6.5) years], BMI 31.6 (4.7) kg/m 2 , WC 99.4 (6.4) cm. All participants received six tablets of CaCO 3 (250 mg of elemental calcium/ capsule, for a total of 1500 md/day) for 8 weeks. Serum lipid profile including triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C was measured at baseline and after intervention. AIP was calculated by using formula = log (TG/HDL-C). Conclusion. Eight-week calcium supplementation at 1500 mg/day led to a significant change in lipid levels and AIP.

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includes hypercholesterolemia, elevated low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), hypertriglyceridamia and high atherogenic indices. [2] Serum total cholesterol (TC) levels have been shown to be consistently related to coronary heart disease (CHD) risk in many populations. [3,4] Mathematically calculated value of serum LDL-C is commonly used to estimate how much LDL-C is driving progression of atherosclerosis. [5] According to United State National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) guidelines, [6] LDL-C concentration should be considered the primary therapeutic target, whereas HDL-C levels, may also be critical in the assessment of CV disease risk. Triglyceride (TG) levels are ignored in the NCEP. LDL-C and HDL-C levels are used to assess risk while