The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of different training activities on the development of the logical thinking of junior athletes who specialize in various sports. 131 students-athletes and 77 students-non-athletes aged 17-20 took part in the study. They were divided into two experimental groups (group A and group B) and one control group (group C). Group A included 69 students-athletes who were engaged in speed and power sports (boxing, freestyle wrestling, sprinting, hurdling, jumping, throwing). Group B included 62 students-athletes who were engaged in endurance sports (skiing, cycling, swimming). Group C included 77 students of higher education institutions who did not do sports. The study of the athletes' logical thinking was carried out according to the methodology of "Numerical series". It was found that the student-athletes who were engaged in endurance sports (group B) were registered to have significantly better (р<0.05-0.001) values of all three indicators of logical thinking (number of errors, speed of thinking and general assessment of the state of logical thinking) in comparison with the student-athletes who were engaged in speed and power sports (group A) and students-non-athletes (group C). Moreover, it was established that the students-non-athletes had a significant improvement in the indicators of logical thinking in comparison with the students-athletes who were engaged in speed and power sports (р<0.05-0.001).

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Педагогіка - Педагогика -Pedagogy "Наука і освіта", №8 2016 169 significant increase in the number of young athletes with satisfactory adaptation only among those ones who are engaged in cyclic sports (+5.23±1.10%, p<0.05). Similar changes were observed for the indicators of physical capacity, which are characterized by increased number of children engaged in cyclic sports with high level of it at the end of the year (+6.51±1.22%, p<0.001). It has been determined that the representatives of combat and complex coordination sports were characterized by the greatest number of cases of adaptation failure both at the beginning (6.02±1.18% and 4.59±1.04% correspondingly) and at the end of the academic year (7.63±1.32% and 5.26±1.11% correspondingly), which indicates regulatory systems exhaustion and inefficiency of the defense and adaptation mechanisms of a child's body. Thus, the indicators of adaptive capacity and physical performance determine the efficiency of the young athletes' training activities in various kinds of sports, as long as they serve as prognostic criteria for the development of functional systems maladaptation as a result of adaptive mechanisms exhaustion and disturbance, which, in its turn, prevents children from achieving top sporting results.

The influence of serological markers of blood groups on the development of basic mental functions (attention, perception, thinking) of young athletes aged 13–16 years has been researched in this article. From the available literature sources it was found that for the effective performance by athletes of long and sufficiently intense physical and, in some cases, mental loads, one of the necessary conditions for their training and competitive activities are basic mental processes, including attention, perception, thinking, memory. The aim of the work is to analyze and summarize the data of our multi - year research of the influence of serological markers of blood groups of the ABO system on the development of basic mental functions of adolescent athletes who specialize in various sports. The study involved adolescent athletes of a specialized sports institution (Brovary Higher School of Physical Culture) (n=139), which according to the classification of sports by A. Dembo (1980) were divided into two groups: group A – speed and power sports (n=74); group B – endurance sports (n = 65). The control group consisted of students aged 13–16 (n=106) of secondary schools who did not play sports. The study of mental functions was conducted according to generally accepted and scientifically grounded methods. As a result of the conducted research the fact of possible use of blood groups in genetic forecasting of development of attention, perception of time and logical thinking of student's youth has been established.

Introduction. One of the factors of highly effective competitive activity of athletes is their achievement of a high level of special ability to work. The latter (ability to work) is determined by the results of testing in sports activities ("field conditions"), which involve the use of specific loads in the selected sport. There is a large arsenal of samples (tests) conducted in these conditions. One of such tests is our proposed method of power-ergometry (submaximal power-ergometry test PWC170) in determining anaerobic-aerobic performance of a forceful nature. The results of multi-year-research by author are considered in the article. Recommendations are given on the possibilities of using power-ergometry test in the practice of sports medicine, sports, "invasport", strength fitness, etc. Aim is to analyze and summarize the research data of the author of the article, which relate to the application of the method of power-ergometry in determining the physical performance of athletes. Material and methods: 1) analysis of scientific and scientific-methodical literature on the problems of physical performance research, 2) pedagogical experiment: functional research (determination of physical performance by submaximal test PWC170), 3) pedagogical observation of pupils and students, 4) statistical methods. Results: the patented method of power-ergometry on determination of PWC170 has no analogues in the countries of near and far abroad; no such studies have been conducted in Ukraine; instrumental (hardware) and non-apparatus methods of ergometric research have been considered. Conclusions: the perspectives of using the mentioned method in the practice of sports, sports medicine, as well as in the educational process of students of the faculties of health, physical education and sports of medical and pedagogical universities of Ukraine have been shown.