No abstract

No abstract

Geopolitical and socio-economic trends, the development and implementation of new technologies, the increase in consumption volumes in the conditions of the growth of the population of the planet in a geometric progression form new challenges and requirements for the creation of modern settlement systems of a new formation: a digital, human-centric and balanced functional-spatial model of territorial development, which would combine the provision of the growing human needs and its harmonious coexistence with the surrounding environment. In the conditions of the beginning of the full-scale military aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine, the population displacement processes have changed radically. The main indicator for the move was safety. Processes of population movement from the territories of large cities to rural areas away from the areas of active hostilities, shelling and missile strikes are being observed. The migration crisis significantly affects the socio-economic processes in the country. The main condition of post-war reconstruction is the return of the able-bodied population, which will ensure the restoration of pre-war GDP indicators. Therefore, it is expedient to model the results of the post-war resettlement system. For example, the Kharkiv regional resettlement system was chosen as the research object. The pre-war trends in the development of settlement systems were analyzed. In particular, the hypothesis of the interdependence of population density indicators with the indicator of distance from the basic center of gravity is put forward. It is statistically proven that population decline is more intense in rural areas. The results of a sociological survey of forcibly displaced persons and the forecasting of their displacement in the conditions of post-war reconstruction are given. A projection of optimistic, realistic, and pessimistic scenarios has been developed.

The article deals with the problem of pollution of the air basin of urban areas, taking into account development. Emissions into the atmosphere of sulfur oxides, hydrogen chloride, nitrogen in the absence of wind in the lower layers of the atmosphere, strong inversion, high solar activity and interaction with water vapor in the air form acids of harmful substances. The general concept of the transition to clean air in urban areas proposes to consider the systemic integrity of objects consisting of three - “human«environment« transport”. Theoretical and practical calculations of the transverse profile of dispersion of pollution from road transport in the main areas were carried out. Based on the analysis, it is indicated that the propagation range of vehicle emissions (for example, nitrogen oxides) significantly exceeds the distances at which pedestrian and bicycle paths pass, and pose a danger to human health. If a highway passes through a street canyon, then specific conditions are created for the dispersion of pollutants, resulting in the creation of contrasting microclimatic zones with an increased concentration of air pollution. These data can be dozens of times higher than the normative values and concentrations of pollutants in open space. It is proposed to create low emission zones (LEZ) by promoting public transport or encouraging active modes of transport. The results obtained make it possible to determine rational and economically justified sets of measures to reduce the level of urban air pollution and rational methods of organizing traffic, taking into account the likely degree of pollution of urban areas, including canyons, in accordance with design solutions.

This article examines the prevalent state of river ecosystems in the forest-steppe area of Ukraine with special focus on preservation methods and the revitalisation of river ecosystems in the coastal territories.