SUMMARY BACKGROUND: The Normalization Measure Development (NoMAD) tool is used to determine the contextual determinants in the process of implementing complex health interventions. The aim of this study is to translate and culturally adapt NoMAD to Brazilian Portuguese. METHODS: The cross-cultural adaptation was performed in five steps: 1) translation of the questionnaire into Portuguese; 2) synthesis and creation of the first version; 3) back-translation of the instrument into the source language; 4) review of the instrument by a group of experts and target professionals; and 5) pretesting. A final version of the questionnaire was answered by users of a clinical monitoring system in specialist care services for people living with HIV/AIDS, and the internal consistency of the questionnaire was assessed using Cronbach's alpha. RESULTS: The questionnaire was answered by 188 health professionals, of which 87.7% were female, and the average age was 45.2 years. For the final version of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha was over 0.70 for the construct's coherence (0.74), collective action (0.70), cognitive participation (0.71), and reflexive monitoring (0.81). CONCLUSION: The NoMAD questionnaire was cross-culturally adapted and can be used to evaluate the implementation of complex health care interventions.

O monitoramento clínico de pessoas vivendo com HIV/aids (PVHA) contribui para a identificação e gestão de caso das pessoas sem início de tratamento (gap), em falha terapêutica e em abandono de tratamento. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar e discutir o desenvolvimento de uma metodologia para a implementação do monitoramento clínico das PVHA em serviços do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). A metodologia utilizada desde 2014 pelo Centro de Referência e Treinamento DST/AIDS-SP-Coordenação do Programa Estadual de IST/AIDS do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, foi reestruturada em três reuniões, no período de junho a agosto de 2018. Foram mantidos os eixos de apresentação do número de usuários com falha terapêutica, em gap e em abandono de tratamento nos serviços participantes, e a discussão de vulnerabilidades individuais, sociais e programáticas. Foi adicionado um novo eixo que direciona a discussão das possibilidades de reorganização de fluxos assistenciais e práticas gerenciais do serviço. Adicionalmente, a intervenção passou a ser feita nos serviços de saúde, com a participação de um número maior de profissionais da equipe multiprofissional, discussão de casos, fluxos e processos de trabalho e encontros regionais para a troca de experiências em monitoramento clínico entre os serviços. A reestruturação da metodologia contribuiu para a diminuição do gap de tratamento, reorganização de fluxos assistenciais e inclusão do monitoramento clínico como ferramenta de gestão nos serviços de assistência especializada às PVHA. Essa metodologia pode ser implementada por outros programas estaduais, municípios e serviços, uma vez que todos têm acesso às mesmas fontes de informação usadas nesta intervenção.

Genotypic prediction of HIV-1 tropism has been considered a practical surrogate for phenotypic tests and recently an European Consensus has set up recommendations for its use in clinical practice. Twenty-five antiretroviral-experienced patients, all heavily treated cases with a median of 16 years of antiretroviral therapy, had viral tropism determined by the Trofile assay and predicted by HIV-1 sequencing of partial env, followed by interpretation using web-based tools. Trofile determined 17/24 (71%) as X4 tropic or dual/mixed viruses, with one nonreportable result. The use of European consensus recommendations for single sequences (geno2pheno false-positive rates 20% cutoff) would lead to 4/24 (16.7%) misclassifications, whereas a composite algorithm misclassified 1/24 (4%). The use of the geno2pheno clinical option using CD4 T cell counts at collection was useful in resolving some discrepancies. Applying the European recommendations followed by additional web-based tools for cases around the recommended cutoff would resolve most misclassifications.

Objective To evaluate the impact of an intervention improving the continuum of care monitoring (CCM) within HIV public healthcare services in São Paulo, Brazil, and implementing a clinical monitoring system. This system identified three patient groups prioritized for additional care engagement: (1) individuals diagnosed with HIV, but not receiving treatment (the treatment gap group); (2) individuals receiving treatment for >6 months with a detectable viral load (the virologic failure group); and (3) patients lost to follow-up (LTFU). Methods The implementation strategies included three training sessions, covering system logistics, case discussions, and development of maintenance goals. These strategies were conducted within 30 HIV public healthcare services (May 2019 to April 2020). After each training session, professionals shared their experiences with CCM at regional meetings. Before and after the intervention, providers were invited to answer 23 items from the normalization process theory questionnaire (online) to understand contextual factors. The mean item scores were compared using the Mann–Whitney U test. The RE-AIM implementation science framework (evaluating reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance) was used to evaluate the integration of the CCM. Results In the study, 47 (19.3%) of 243 patients with a treatment gap initiated treatment, 456 (49.1%) of 928 patients with virologic failure achieved suppression, and 700 of 1552 (45.1%) LTFU patients restarted treatment. Strategies for the search and reengagement of patients were developed and shared. Providers recognized the positive effects of CCM on their work and how it modified existing activities (3.7 vs. 4.4, p<0.0001, and 3.9 vs. 4.1, p<0.05); 27 (90%) centers developed plans to sustain routine CCM. Conclusion Implementing CCM helped identify patients requiring more intensive attention. This intervention led to changes in providers’ perceptions of CCM and care and management processes, which increased the number of patients engaged across the care continuum and improved outcomes.

No abstract