Background The increasing use of information technology in healthcare settings has reduced human contact with healthcare providers and is hampering human-centered intrinsic nursing work associated with patient discomfort, emotional distress, and desire. The caring attitude of nurses affects patient compliance with medication instructions as well as the promotion of health behaviors and patient satisfaction. Purpose This study was designed to develop a Korean version of the Watson Caritas Patient Score (WCPS) developed by Watson and then verify its reliability and validity. Methods This was a methodological study. Data were collected from 240 patients in wards of the departments of internal medicine and surgery of a general hospital with more than 500 beds in Kunsan City between May 1 and June 8, 2017. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were used to verify the construct validity and model fit. The Patient Perception of Hospital Experience with Nursing was used to confirm convergence validity. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, Cronbach's alpha, factor analysis, and Pearson's product–moment correlation analysis. Results The internal consistency of the Korean version of the WCPS assessed using Cronbach's alpha was .94. The content validity index for each of the five items was 1.0. The communality ranged from .75 to .87, and the overall model fit was good. In addition, the average variance extracted was .61, the composite reliability was .89, and the convergent validity was .72 (p < .001). Conclusions/Implications for Practice The original English version and the Korean version of the WCPS both address a single factor, which confirmed the reliability and good fit of the model and showed both convergent and criterion-related validity. The Korean version of the WCPS is expected to contribute to improving the quality of nursing care in Korea by providing a simple scale that assesses patient perceptions of nursing care easily and accurately.

This study aimed to develop a scale for measuring infection prevention behavior of individuals and to verify its validity and reliability for the general population. Patients and Methods: The scale items were selected using a literature review on the chain of infection and its content validity. There were 297 study participants, all of whom provided informed consent. Data were collected online from September 3 to September 8, 2020, using Google Survey in Korea. The scale's construct validity was verified through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, criterion validity was Pearson's Correlation, and reliability was tested using Cronbach's alpha. Results: Twelve items and three factors were selected after a factor and an exploratory factor analysis of 29 scale items. The three factors were pathogen blocking, transmission blocking, and immunity enhancement. A confirmatory factor analysis validated the model goodness of fit, and the convergent validity and discriminant validity of the scale were verified. The correlation coefficient with a scale for respiratory infection prevention practice was 0.69, thereby confirming the criterion validity of the scale. The reliability of the final scale (Cronbach's alpha) was 0.86. Conclusion:This scale is reflective of the social features of the Korean adult population, and it is easy and concise to be administered to general public, making it useful for subsequent studies on infection prevention.

No abstract

Purpose This study examines the radical changes in the everyday life patterns of Gen Z college students and their health-related perceptions in the online era. Patients and Methods Twelve Korean college students in their 20s attending online classes were included in this study. Online video interviews were conducted between September 2021 and January 2022, and content analysis was performed on the one-on-one interview transcripts. Results Four main categories and ten subcategories were derived from the data analysis: (1) living in a mobile world, (2) new lifestyle transcending time and space and adaptation to the change, (3) expansion of the meaning of health, and (4) interest in health and health management. Conclusion Gen Z college students have quickly adapted to the convenience of a non-face-to-face lifestyle, and their perceptions about health and methods of health management have also changed accordingly. Correspondingly, for the new generation of university students, providing customized health care that reflects the lifestyle of using mobile devices and includes self-management areas is necessary.

The COVID-19 pandemic has transformed undergraduate education into non-face-to-face classes, and a novel methodology is required to aid students in career preparation behavior (CPB). This study aimed to assess the effects of self-rated abilities for health practices (SRAHP) as a psychological attribute and health-promoting lifestyle profile (HPLP) as a behavioral attribute in the dynamics between positive psychological capital (PPC) and CPB among undergraduate students taking non-face-to-face classes. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 639 undergraduate students taking non-face-to-face classes; data were obtained via online survey in January 2022. A significant positive effect on CPB was observed for PPC ( b = 0.261, p < .001) and HPLP ( b = 0.674, p < .001). The effect of SRAHP on CPB was not significant; however, it mitigated the PPC–CPB dynamics ( b = −.081, p < .05) and strengthened the relationship between HPLP and CPB ( b = .250, p < .001). Lastly, the mediating effects after moderation for HPLP and SRAHP were positive, with statistical significance. To aid the students with career preparation in the current undergraduate education environment moving toward a non-face-to-face model, there is a need for resources to increase students’ psychological confidence regarding health management and to promote their health practices.