No abstract

This article examines the extent to which women were nominated by the major parties to run for the House of Representatives in contests they had little chance of winning. The findings indicate that between 1916 and 1978, a larger proportion of women than men was nominated for "hopeless" contests, but the difference, while significant at times, is not as great as might be expected. Republican women fared better than Democratic women during the first 50 years, but that pattern was recently reversed. Nevertheless, Democrats were not much better off in the 1970s than they were in the 1930s, and Republicans were decidedly worse off. A steady increase in the number of women nominated for House seats suggests that the number of women Representatives will grow, in spite of continued gender-related differences in the nominating process.

Simulation results are presented from a finite element calculation of transport in the edge and divertor of TdeV. In addition to the usual transport processes, this model also includes a calculation of the electrostatic potential and the associated E*B drifts. The inclusion of E*B drifts is shown to be essential in the calculation of the parallel and toroidal flow velocities. With the inclusion of drifts, the effect of toroidal magnetic field reversal is studied, particularly with regard to in-out asymmetries in the Halpha radiation and power deposited on the plates. Relatively weak asymmetries are calculated on the basis of these drifts alone, and it is concluded that the much stronger asymmetries observed experimentally must be associated with other physical processes not yet included in the model. The transport equations are based on fluid conservation equations for particles, parallel (to the magnetic field) momentum, electron and ion energy. For simplicity, a single ion species is considered and, when modelling recycling, neutral transport is treated in the diffusion approximation. All transport equations are discretized with finite elements on a triangular unstructured mesh that is locally aligned with the flux surfaces. The use of such a mesh allows an accurate representation of the simulation geometry, with boundaries of arbitrary shapes and complexity. In particular, it is possible to account for divertor plates that are not orthogonal to the flux surfaces without any penalty for the validity of the transport equations. The analysis presented here concerns a low density attached ohmic TdeV discharge in a single null geometry, with the X point above the midplane

La recomposition sociodémographique des espaces ruraux s'est manifestée plus tardivement au Québec, comparativement en France et au Royaume-Uni. Après avoir tracé un bref bilan historique des écrits sur le sujet au Québec, l'auteure présente les résultats d'une recherche exploratoire qu'elle a réalisée en 2003 dans une région québécoise. Elle constate non seulement des tensions et conflits entre les diverses populations rurales (récentes et de longue date), mais également des alliances et solidarités autour d'enjeux communs. Ceci oblige donc à porter un regard plus nuancé sur les multiples interactions et dynamiques qui émergent dans la foulée de ces mutations dans les campagnes, et de scruter davantage les nouveaux espaces susceptibles de favoriser une mixité socioculturelle. Tout au long de l'article, l'auteure compare la situation québécoise avec celle de la France et du Royaume-Uni, y soulignant les convergences et divergences les plus marquantes.

Les milieux ruraux sont actuellement confrontés à de nombreux changements occasionnés, entre autres, par l’arrivée et l’insertion de nouvelles populations désirant s’y établir en permanence. Ce phénomène touche plusieurs pays, ce qui pose de nouveaux défis, aussi bien pour les décideurs locaux que pour l’ensemble de la communauté rurale. Cet article permet de mieux connaître cette situation peu étudiée au Québec, en apportant un éclairage nouveau sur les trajectoires résidentielles, les motifs de migration ainsi que l’insertion professionnelle et sociale des nouvelles populations rurales. En relevant les convergences et les divergences caractérisant les néo-ruraux de deux MRC contrastées (Brome-Missisquoi et Arthabaska), son objectif est de faire ressortir l’hétérogénéité et la complexité de ces populations.Rural communities currently face many changes caused, among other things, by the arrival and integration of new populations wishing to settle there permanently. This phenomenon affects a number of countries, raising new challenges both for local decision-makers and for the rural community as a whole. This paper provides a better understanding of this situation, which has not been widely studied in Québec, by shedding new light on residential trajectories, on reasons for migration and on the occupational and social integration of new rural populations. By noting aspects of convergence and divergence among neo-rural populations in two contrasting RCMs (Brome-Missisquoi and Arthabaska), its aim is to bring out the complex heterogeneous nature of these populations