Risk is inevitable in business. For large companies, risk management is formalised and structured through compliance with industry standards. However, small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) rarely have adequate resources to develop their own standards or conform to pre-established criteria. This results in an increased vulnerability to risk, which tends to undermine SMEs’ sustainability. The primary reasons for the low adoption rate of risk management are related to the tremendous initial difficulty in orientating the business concerning risk and the significant investment of the workforce in developing and implementing a structured managerial process. The objective of this paper is to produce a guided process tool for small and medium-sized businesses with which they can identify, evaluate, and appropriately address risks from an SME perspective. Moreover, this intervention would offer enhancements at no cost beyond the time of its implementation. In order to identify what constitutes holistic risk management, document analysis was applied, which utilised risk management standards, academic articles, books, and regulatory policy and strategy documentation. The identified elements were integrated with a tool that improves business owners’ capacity to position themselves in context with their daily risk management challenges.

No abstract

This research aimed to explore and analyse the influence of product creativity on competitive advantages in Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) within the ceramic centres in Plered Purwakarta. Given that competition in ceramic MSMEs has been becoming steadily more challenging, this research speaks to a practical challenge that must be addressed for their continued survival within this region. The method used in this study is descriptive verificative and is accomplished through regression and correlation analysis techniques. The sample in this study is 65 respondents. The study's descriptive analysis results found that of the total population of ceramic workers in the sample, 65.9% of them were sufficiently creative. When analysing the subconstructs of creativity used in this study, "product novelty" indicators were the highest, with the lowest indicator being "product transformation". The variable value of competitive advantage total score of 63.4% indicates that the target population is quite competitive regarding "price advantage" indicators. However, they scored low on general competition level indicators.

Universities have incorporated e-learning into their educational structures because of the unanticipated transition from conventional learning to digital and hybrid learning methods to the closure of educational facilities during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to ascertain how e-learning influences students' satisfaction at private universities and to develop a marketing strategy to keep institutions of higher learning competitive throughout the COVID-19 or similarly disrupting events. In the study, we utilise a quantitative descriptive method. Collecting data was done by distributing e-questionnaires to students at a private university in Bandung. The sampling technique used random sampling with 245 respondents. The data was subjected to numerous linear regression analyses using SPSS. ICT, ESQ, and EIQ are the study's dependent variables, and e-learning is the study's independent variable. The findings indicate that all variables influence and significance of e-learning and students' satisfaction with 65.9%, which can enhance learning outcomes in private universities.