Endometriosis is defined as the presence of ectopic endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity. It is a benign condition commonly observed in women of the reproductive age group. It can occur in both pelvic and extra-pelvic sites. Moreover, pelvic endometriosis is relatively common, as compared to extra-pelvic endometriosis. The most frequent site for pelvic endometriosis is ovary. It can also affect rectum, uterosacral ligaments, rectovaginal septum, urinary bladder. Extra-pelvic endometriosis is rare and when it occurs, does so more frequently in surgical scar sites, especially in caesarean section scar. Endometriosis in an episiotomy scar is extremely rare but can lead to significant morbidity in patients due to local infiltration. This condition can be diagnosed by the presence of the classical clinical triad of history of episiotomy, tender nodule at the scar site and cyclical pain. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a very useful imaging modality to diagnose and assess the deeper extension of the lesion. Herein, we report one such case of episiotomy scar endometriosis in the perineum.

Introduction: Extra pulmonary TB can be encountered in various organ systems, like lymph nodes, serous cavities, genitourinary tract, skeletal. Musculoskeletal TB can cause significant functional impairment. The clinical symptoms are variable, pain and swelling being common symptomatology. Investigations for suspected cases include radiological imaging, histopathological examination, bacteriological examination, and polymerase chain reaction.The mainstay of treatment is multidrug antitubercular chemotherapy. Aim:To study the cases of osteoarticular TB diagnosed on biopsy, to analyse the various microscopic patterns, results of microbiological investigations, correlate the clinical and radiological features and the response to ATT. Setting and Designs:A teaching tertiary medical institute in North India in catchment area, where prevalence of tuberculosis is high. A retrospective study of cases with a biopsy diagnosis of bone and/joint TB, retrieved from Histopathology section of Department of Pathology of the tertiary institute. Material and Methods:The study was retrospective and the data was collected for the preceding 3 years. The cases were retrieved from the records of the department of Pathology. A total of 16 cases were diagnosed as/suspected to be tuberculosis of bones and/joints. The clinical information were noted from the case files. Results of laboratory investigations along with relevant microbiologic investigations were noted. The biopsy samples were processed according to protocol. Ziehl-Neelsen stain to detect tubercle bacilli and PAS stain to rule out fungal infection were done. Microscopic features were noted. Results and Conclusion:Sixteen cases with a diagnosis of bone and/joint tuberculosis were found. The average age was 23.6 years. The most common presentation was pain and swelling. Knee joint was most commonly involved (7 cases) followed by spine and ankle (3 each). All the cases showed epithelioid granulomas which was necrotising in 11. AFB positivity was found only in 4 cases. ATT was started in 12 cases with a good response.

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Lipoblastomatosis refers to a rare benign tumour of fetal adipose tissue, commonly encountered in early childhood. It presents as a painless, slowly growing mass, usually in superfi cial soft tissues. Microscopy reveals a lobulated architecture with variable admixture of lipoblasts and mature adipocytes, along with myxoid areas showing spindle shaped cells. The behavior is benign, though recurrences can occur. We present a case of lipoblastomatosis of the right chest wall in a 20 year-old male patient, present since early childhood. The tumour measured 21x13x4 cm; the cut section was grey white to tan. Microscopy revealed mature adipose tissue in most of the areas and an occasional lipoblast. Myxoid areas with spindle cells were seen. Adjacent muscle showed infi ltration by the tumor. This case is presented for its rarity and for having had an opportunity to study the morphology of lipoblastomatosis several years after its onset in early childhood.